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Lateran and Laterano are names for an area of Rome, and the shared names of several buildings in Rome. The properties were once owned by the Lateranus family of the Roman Empire. The Laterani lost their properties to Emperor Constantine who allegedly gave them to the Bishop of Rome though this traditional report has been most likely based on the document Donation of Constantine which has been proven to be a forgery.
The most famous Lateran buildings are the Lateran Palace, once called the Palace of the Popes, and the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the cathedral of Rome, which while in Rome, and not in the Vatican, are properties of the Holy See, and have extraterritorial privileges as a result of the 1929 Lateran Treaty with Italy. As the official ecclesiastical seat of the pope, Saint John Lateran contains the papal cathedra. The Lateran is Christendom's earliest basilica.
Attached to the basilica is the Lateran Baptistery, one of the oldest in Christendom. Other constituent parts of the Lateran complex are the building of the Scala Sancta with the Sancta Sanctorum and the Triclinium of Pope Leo III.
Another basilica in the neighborhood is San Clemente al Laterano.
The Pontifical Lateran University, or simply Lateranum, is one of the pontifical universities of Rome. An ecclesiastical college in the Philippines was named after the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, founded in 1620.




History


The Lateran buildings played an important role in Catholic Church history. It (specifically the Lateran Palace) being the place where the First Council of the Lateran 1123, Second Council of the Lateran 1193, Third Council of the Lateran 1179, Fourth Council of the Lateran 1213, Fifth Council of the Lateran 1512-17.

The First Council of the Lateran (1123) followed and confirmed the concordat of Worms.
The Second Council of the Lateran (1139) declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics by excommunication.
The Third Council of the Lateran (1179) limited papal electors to the cardinals alone, condemned simony, and forbade the promotion of anyone to the episcopate before the age of thirty.
The Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215) dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy, and conduct of clergy. It said Jews and Muslims should wear a special dress to distinguish them from Christians.
The Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517) attempted reform of the church, including to make peace with Christian lands.
It also held non-ecumenical synods which are:

The Lateran Council of 649, organized by Maximus the Confessor, and called by Pope Theodore I to condemn the heresy of Monothelitism in the Church of the west.
The Lateran Council (769), called by Pope Stephen III to approve icon veneration in the East and thus condemn the heresy of Iconoclasm, deposed Antipope Constantine II, and increased cardinals rights in the Western Church.
The Lateran Council (964), was called to depose Pope Benedict V.
The Lateran is also where the Lateran Treaty was signed in 1929 establishing Vatican City as an independent state. It was signed by Benito Mussolini, and Papal diplomat Pietro Gasparri.




References






External links



Scala Sancta (Holy Stairs) - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
Christian Museum of Lateran - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
Colegio de San Juan de Letran#History

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Lateran - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Lateran - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Lateran - Wikiwand

The Lateran – Augustine Of Canterbury

The Lateran – Augustine Of Canterbury

Lateran - definition of Lateran by The Free Dictionary

Lateran Obelisk

Lateran Obelisk

Lateran Treaty (1929) Summary & Facts

lateran – EpicPew

St. John Lateran

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lateran

Daftar Isi

• Lateran - Wikipedia
• Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran - Wikipedia
• Lateran Palace - Wikipedia
• Basilica of St. John Lateran | History & Facts | Britannica
• 7 Things to Know About St. John Lateran on Its 1,700th Anniversary
• The Basilica of St. John Lateran: The Oldest Major Basilica and …
• St John Lateran - most important church in Rome - Romewise
• John Lateran, Saint | Catholic Answers Encyclopedia
• Basilica of St. John in Lateran - ArcheoRoma
• St. John Lateran: all you need to know 2025 - museos

Lateran - Wikipedia

As the official ecclesiastical seat of the pope, Saint John Lateran contains the papal cathedra. The Lateran is Christendom's earliest basilica. Attached to the basilica is the Lateran Baptistery, one of the oldest in Christendom.

Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran - Wikipedia

Founded in 324, it is the oldest public church in the city of Rome, and the oldest basilica of the Western world. [ 1 ] . It houses the cathedra of the Roman bishop, [ 2 ][ 3 ] and has the title of ecumenical mother church of the Catholic faithful.

Lateran Palace - Wikipedia

The Apostolic Palace of the Lateran (Latin: Palatium Lateranense; Italian: Palazzo del Laterano), informally the Lateran Palace (Latin: Palatium Apostolicum Lateranense), is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later the main papal residence in Rome.

Basilica of St. John Lateran | History & Facts | Britannica

Basilica of St. John Lateran, the highest-ranking and oldest among the great papal basilicas of Rome as well as the oldest public church in Rome, having been consecrated in 324 CE by Pope Sylvester I. Though it is outside Vatican City proper, it nonetheless belongs to the Holy See.

7 Things to Know About St. John Lateran on Its 1,700th Anniversary

Nov 8, 2024 · It’s a feast day for the universal Church, because it is the seat (the cathedra) of the bishop of Rome, the supreme pontiff. The Lateran — not St. Peter’s in the Vatican — is the cathedral of...

The Basilica of St. John Lateran: The Oldest Major Basilica and …

Nov 9, 2024 · The Basilica of St. John Lateran holds an unparalleled place in the history of Christianity as the oldest of the four major basilicas in Rome and the cathedral church of the Pope. Known for its remarkable architecture and centuries-old relics, this basilica is more than just a historic landmark—it represents the unity and devotion of ...

St John Lateran - most important church in Rome - Romewise

May 1, 2023 · St. John Lateran is the most important of them all, because it is the home of the bishop of Rome, the Pope. Pope Francis lives in Vatican City, and performs mass more often at Saint Peter's Basilica than at the other papal basilicas, but St. …

John Lateran, Saint | Catholic Answers Encyclopedia

Lateran, Saint JOHN.—THE BASILICA.—This is the oldest, and ranks first among the four great “patriarchal” basilicas of Rome. The site was, in ancient times, occupied by the palace of the family of the Laterani.

Basilica of St. John in Lateran - ArcheoRoma

The Basilica of St. John in Lateran (San Giovanni in Laterano) is the oldest of the four main basilicas of the Eternal City. It is the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Pope.

St. John Lateran: all you need to know 2025 - museos

Jan 14, 2025 · Next to St. Peter’s Basilica, the Lateran is the most important church in Rome. San Giovanni in Laterano – or St. John Lateran – is the Episcopal Church of Rome and here you find the Holy Staircase – the Scala Santa – and also the Holy Gate – the Porta Santa. Find out here what it all means!