List of JVM languages GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and just-in-time (JIT) compiled during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance.
      The JVM was initially designed to support only the language Java. However, over time, ever more languages were adapted or designed to run on the Java platform.


      JVM languages




      = High-profile languages

      =
      As of 2024, according to the TIOBE index of the top 100 programming languages, and PyPL, the top JVM languages are:

      Java (#3, at one point at #1; #2 at PyPL), a statically-typed object-oriented language
      Kotlin (#21, at one point at #18; #13 at PyPL), a statically-typed language from JetBrains, the developers of IntelliJ IDEA and Google's preferred language for Android
      Scala (#26, at one point at #20; #22 at PyPL), a statically-typed object-oriented and functional programming language
      Groovy (no longer in top 50, is one of 51–100, at one point at #15; #26 at PyPL), a dynamic programming language (also with static typing) and scripting language
      Clojure (no longer in top 50, is one of 51–100, at one point at #47), a dynamic, and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language (ClojureScript doesn't make TIOBE's index separately, its stats are included under Clojure, and it's an implementation targeting the web with JavaScript, not the JVM.)
      Python is TIOBE's top language; Jython, its JVM implementation, doesn't make the list (of 100 languages) under that name (is syntax compatible with Python 2.7, now an outdated Python version). JavaScript (6th), PHP, R and others, also make top 20 and have JVM implementations; Ruby is ranked 18th, while JRuby, its JVM implementation is not listed separately.


      = JVM implementations of existing languages

      =


      = New languages with JVM implementations

      =
      Ateji PX, an extension of Java for easy parallel programming on multicore, GPU, Grid and Cloud
      Ballerina, a language for cloud applications with structural typing; network client objects, services, resource functions, and listeners; parallel concurrency with workers; image building; configuration management.
      BeanShell, a scripting language whose syntax is close to Java
      EPL (Event Processing Language), a domain-specific, data manipulation language for analyzing and detecting patterns in timed event streams, which extends SQL 92 with event-oriented features. It is implemented by Esper: up to version 6 EPL was mostly a language interpreted by a Java library; since version 7 it is compiled to JVM bytecode.
      Concurnas, an open source JVM language designed for building reliable, scalable, high performance concurrent, distributed and parallel systems.
      Ceylon, a Java competitor from Red Hat
      CFML, ColdFusion Markup Language, more commonly known as CFML, is a scripting language for web development that runs on the JVM, the .NET framework, and Google App Engine.
      Quark Framework (CAL), a Haskell-inspired functional language
      E-on-Java, object-oriented language for secure distributed computing
      Eta, pure, lazy, strongly typed functional language in the spirit of Haskell
      Fantom, a language built from the base to be portable across the JVM, .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), and JavaScript
      Flix, a functional, imperative, and logic language with first-class Datalog constraints and a polymorphic effect system.
      Flow Java
      Fortress, a language designed by Sun as a successor to Fortran, mainly for parallel scientific computing. Product development was taken over by Oracle when Sun was purchased. Oracle then stopped development in 2012 according to Dr. Dobb's.
      Frege, a non-strict, pure functional language in the spirit of Haskell
      Golo, a simple, dynamic, weakly-typed language for the JVM developed at Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon, France, now an incubating project at the Eclipse Software Foundation.
      Gosu, an extensible type-system language compiled to Java bytecode
      Haxe, a cross-platform statically typed language that targets Java and the JVM.
      Ioke, a prototype-based language somewhat reminiscent of Io, with similarities to Ruby, Lisp, and Smalltalk
      Jelly
      Join Java, a language that extends Java with join-calculus semantics
      Joy
      Manifold is a Java compiler "plugin." (I.e., instead of being a stand-alone language and compiler, it hijacks and extends javac.) Its features include Metaprogramming, Properties, Extension Methods, Operator Overloading, Templates, a Preprocessor, and more.
      Mirah, a customizable language featuring type inference and a highly Ruby-inspired syntax
      NetLogo, a multi-agent language
      Noop, a language built with testability as a major focus
      Pizza, a superset of Java with function pointers and algebraic data types
      Pnuts
      Processing, a visualization and animation language and framework based on Java with a Java-like syntax
      Prompto, a language "designed to create business applications in the cloud". It is part of the namesake platform to design business applications directly in the cloud. The Prompto language includes three "dialects": Engly, Monty, and Objy. Engly "mimics English as much as possible", Monty "tries to follow as much as possible the syntax of the Python 3 language", and Objy "tries to follow as much as possible the syntax of OOP languages such as C++, Java or C#". All three dialects seamlessly translate to one another.
      RascalMPL, a source and target language independent (parameterized) meta language
      Whiley
      X10, a language designed by IBM, featuring constrained types and a focus on concurrency and distribution
      Xtend, an object-oriented, functional, and imperative programming language built by the Eclipse foundation, featuring tight Java interoperability, with a focus on extension methods and lambdas, and rich tooling
      Yeti, an ML style functional language
      Yirgacheffe, a language that aims to simplify and extend the object oriented paradigm.
      Yoix, general purpose, non-object-oriented, interpreted dynamic language


      Comparison of these languages




      See also



      Da Vinci Machine
      Java virtual machine § JVM languages
      List of CLI languages, following the CLI specification, Microsoft's response to JVM


      Notes




      References

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    About: List of JVM languages - DBpedia Association

    This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and JIT-compiled during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance. The JVM was …