list of locations with a subtropical climate
List of locations with a subtropical climate GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
This list of locations with a subtropical climate specifically lists locations considered within the subtropics. The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th parallel in both hemispheres. Subtropical climate regions can exist at high elevations within the tropics, such as across the Mexican Plateau and the Ethiopian Highlands and in Da Lat of the Vietnamese Central Highlands. These regions can also exist beyond 45 degrees poleward due to maritime influences on the NW European and Argentinian coasts, according to Trewartha.
Six climate classifications utilise the term to help define the various temperature and precipitation regions for the planet Earth. Using the Trewartha climate classification eight or more months of the year within the subtropics have an average temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F). The Köppen climate classification instead classifies the warmest month above 22 °C (71.6 °F) and the coldest above 0 °C (32 °F) or −3 °C (26.6 °F) depending on preference. Under both classifications, at least one month must average below 18 °C (64.4 °F) or the climate is considered tropical.
Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C. The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. On the warmer side of the line, the majority of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable length of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants which can withstand the cold. The [16 °C-18 °C] segment is often "simplified" as 17 °C (= 2(log212+0;5) ≈ 16.97 °C).
The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.
However Wladimir Köppen has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (BWh or BSh) having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to 18 °C (64.4 °F) from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (BWk or BSk) whose annual temperature average is lower. This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge's.
A great portion of the world's deserts are located within the subtropics, due to the development of the subtropical ridge. Within the humid monsoon regions in the subtropics such as Northern Vietnam (including Hanoi), a wet season is seen annually during the summer, which is when most of the yearly rainfall falls. Within the Mediterranean climate region, the wet season occurs during the winter. Areas bordering warm oceans are prone to locally heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones, which can contribute a significant percentage of the annual rainfall. Plants such as date palms, citrus, mango, litchi, and avocado are grown within the subtropical zones.
This is not a complete list and is not intended to be one. Many of the higher mountains at tropical latitudes have sparsely (if at all) inhabited areas with a subtropical climate.
Africa
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Algeria: Algiers, Oran, Tamanrasset
Angola: Cuíto1, Huambo1, Lubango1, Luena, Menongue, Moçâmedes
Botswana: Francistown, Gaborone, Maun
Cameroon: Ndu1
Cape Verde: Achada Furna1, Chã das Caldeiras1
Chad: Tibesti Mountains
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kolwezi2, Likasi, Lubumbashi
Djibouti: Airolaf
Egypt: Alexandria, Aswan, Cairo
Eritrea: Asmara1, Keren1, Nakfa
Eswatini: Mbabane1
Ethiopia: Addis Ababa1, Bahir Dar2, Jijiga1
Kenya: Eldoret1, Nairobi1, Nakuru1
Lesotho: Maseru1
Libya: Al Jawf, Bayda1, Benghazi, Sabha, Tripoli
Madagascar: Antananarivo1, Antsirabe1, Fianarantsoa1
Malawi: Dedza1, Lilongwe
Mali: Taoudenni2
Mauritania: Zouérat
Mauritius: Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire
Morocco: Casablanca, Essaouira1, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Tangier
Mozambique: Lichinga1
Namibia: Keetmanshoop, Lüderitz1, Swakopmund1, Walvis Bay1, Windhoek
Niger: Aïr Mountains
Réunion: Interior (beaches are tropical)
São Tomé and Príncipe: Pico de São Tomé1
Somalia: Erigavo1
Somaliland: Hargeisa
South Africa: most of including Bloemfontein, Cape Town1, Durban, George1, Johannesburg1, Kimberley, Musina, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth1, and Pretoria.
South Sudan: Imatong Mountains (highest areas only)
Tanzania: Arusha1, Mbeya1,
Tunisia: Medenine, Tunis
Uganda: Kabale1
Western Sahara: Laayoune
Zambia: Livingstone, Lusaka, Ndola
Zimbabwe: Bulawayo1, Harare1, Marondera1
Islands of the European Union around the Atlantic coast of NW Africa:
Canary Islands, Spain: Central El Hierro; Fuerteventura2; Lanzarote; San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife1; Santa Cruz de La Palma2
Madeira archipelago, Portugal
Ceuta, Melilla, and Plazas de soberanía, Spain.
Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands, Italy
British islands in the South Atlantic:
Saint Helena: Longwood1
Tristan da Cunha archipelago1
Asia
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
^3 Borderline.
Afghanistan: Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Khost, Kunduz, Lashkargah, Mazar-i-Sharif
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Azerbaijan: Astara, Baku, Lankaran, Mingachevir3, Şirvan
Bahrain: Manama
Bangladesh: Dinajpur, Rangpur City, Saidpur
Bhutan: Thimphu1
Brunei: Pagon Hill1
Cambodia: Cardamom Mountains
China: Beiliu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dongguan, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Hefei, Kunming1, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Turpan1, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangzhou, Zhengzhou3
Cyprus: Ayia Napa, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia
Egypt: Sinai Peninsula
Georgia: Batumi, Kutaisi, Sokhumi (capital of Abkhazia), Zugdidi3
Greece: Chios, Dodecanese Islands, Lesbos
Hong Kong: Kowloon, Wan Chai
India: Agartala, Agra, Aizawl, Allahabad, Amritsar, Bhopal2, Cardamom Hills, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Delhi, Dhanbad2, Dimapur, Faridabad, Gangtok1, Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Imphal, Itanagar, Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kodaikanal1, Kohima1, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Meerut, Ooty1, Patna, Ranchi, Shillong1, Shimla1, and Varanasi.
Indonesia: Batu1, Barisan Mountains1, Bromo Tengger Semeru1, Dieng Plateau1, Puncak pass1
Iran: Abadan, Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas2, Bandar-e Anzali, Birjand, Bushehr, Dezful, Gorgan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kashan, Kerman, Khorramabad, Qom, Rasht, Sabzevar, Sari, Saveh, Semnan, Shiraz, Sirjan, lower elevations of Tehran, Yazd, Zahedan
Iraq: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Mosul, Sulaymaniyah
Israel: Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv
Japan: Bonin Islands2, Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Izu Islands, Jōetsu, Kanazawa, Kumagaya, Kyoto, Maebashi, Matsuyama, Nagasaki, Nagoya, Naha, Nasushiobara3, Niigata, Okayama, Osaka, Sado3, Tokyo, Yamaguchi3, Yokohama.
Jordan: Amman, Petra
Kuwait: Kuwait City
Laos: Phongsali1, Phonsavan
Lebanon: Beirut, Tripoli
Macau: Coloane, Taipa
Malaysia: Brinchang1, Cameron Highlands1, Genting Highlands1
Myanmar: Hakha1, Lashio, Mogok, Myitkyina2, Putao Town, Tamu, Taunggyi
Nepal: Kathmandu, Pokhara
Northern Cyprus: North Nicosia
Oman: Saiq
Pakistan: most of (except for tropical Arabian Sea coast) including Faisalabad, Hyderabad2, Islamabad, Lahore, Mardan, Multan, Muzaffarabad, Peshawar, and Quetta.
Palestinian territories: East Jerusalem, Gaza City, Nablus
Philippines: Atok1, Baguio1 2, Balbalan2, La Trinidad1
Qatar: Doha2
Saudi Arabia: Dammam, Dhahran, Hofuf, Jubail, Medina2, Riyadh, Tabuk
South Korea: Busan, Changwon, Geochagundo, Geoje, Jeju, Tongyeong, Ulsan3, Yeosu
Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya1
Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia, Raqqa
Taiwan: Chiayi, Hsinchu, Penghu (disputed with China), Taichung, Tainan, Taipei
Tajikistan: Bokhtar, Dushanbe3, Kulob
Turkey: Adana, Antakya, Antalya, Batman3, Bursa, Çanakkale, Gaziantep, İnebolu, İskenderun, Istanbul (also in Europe)3, İzmir, Mersin, Samsun, Sinop3, Tekirdağ (Europe), Trabzon3, Urfa
Turkmenistan: Ashgabat, Balkanabat, Mary
United Arab Emirates: Sharjah
Uzbekistan: Bukhara3, Namangan3, Navoiy3, Qarshi, Tashkent3, Termez
Vietnam: Da Lat1, Haiphong, Hanoi, Sa Pa1
Yemen: Hajjah, Kawkaban, Sana1
Americas
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.
^4 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Argentina: Extreme north to coastal Chubut Province including Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia3, Córdoba, Corrientes, La Plata, Mar del Plata1, Mendoza, Neuquén, Pinamar1, Rawson3, Resistencia, Rosario, Salta1, San Miguel de Tucumán, Santa Fe and Viedma
Bolivia: Cochabamba1, lower elevations of La Paz1, Sucre1, Tarija1
Brazil: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and parts of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states including the city of São Paulo. Also Petrópolis and Teresópolis1 in Rio de Janeiro State and highlands of Minas Gerais including Juiz de Fora and Três Corações.
Chile: North of 40°S including Antofagasta1, Arica, Concepción1, Copiapó, Iquique, Juan Fernández Islands1, Linares1, Rancagua1, Santiago1, Talca1, Temuco3, Valdivia3, and Valparaíso1.
Colombia: Bogotá1, Manizales1, Pasto1, Tunja1
Costa Rica: Mount Chirripó1
Dominican Republic: Constanza1
Ecuador: Ambato1, Cuenca1, Ibarra1, Latacunga1, Quito1, Riobamba1
El Salvador: Cerro El Pital1
Guatemala: Antigua Guatemala1, Cobán1, Fraijanes1, Quetzaltenango1
Haiti: Kenscoff1 4
Honduras: La Esperanza1, Santa Rosa de Copán1, Siguatepeque4
Jamaica: Blue Mountains1
Mexico: Almost all of the northern part (Culiacán and Los Cabos are tropical) and some other highland areas including the Mexican Plateau. Major cities include Aguascalientes City, Chihuahua, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, León, Matamoros, Mexicali, Mexico City1, Monterrey, Puebla1, Querétaro City, Reynosa, San Luis Potosí City1, Tijuana, Torreón, and Zapopan. Also Ciudad Constitución, Ciudad Victoria, Durango City, Ensenada, Guadalupe Island1, Guanajuato City, La Paz, Morelia1, Pachuca1, Rosarito1, Saltillo, Tepic, Tlaxcala City1, Toluca1, Xalapa1, and Zacatecas City1.
Nicaragua: Mogotón1
Panama: Cerro Punta1
Paraguay: southern areas including Asunción4 and Ciudad del Este
Peru: Arequipa1, Ayacucho1, Cajamarca1, Chachapoyas1, Cusco1, Lima, Trujillo
United States: East Coast from the southern Delmarva Peninsula to Florida (but not including tropical South Florida, Everglades, and the Florida Keys), Gulf Coast, parts of the inland South and Southwest, and the West Coast from San Diego to northern California and coastal southern Oregon. Major cities: Atlanta; Austin; Bakersfield, CA; Birmingham; Charleston, SC; Charlotte; Dallas; El Paso; Fresno, CA; Greensboro, NC2; Greenville, SC; Houston; Jacksonville; Knoxville, TN2; Las Vegas; Little Rock, AR; Los Angeles; Memphis; Nashville2; New Orleans; Norfolk; Oklahoma City; Orlando; Phoenix; Raleigh; Richmond, VA2; Riverside, CA; Sacramento; San Antonio; San Diego3; San Francisco1; San Jose1; Savannah, GA; Tampa; Tucson; Tulsa; Virginia Beach. The humid subtropical zone of the US South according to Trewartha is coloured yellow-green on this map: [1] If using the Köppen climate classification with the 0 °C coldest-month isotherm, the subtropics extend from Martha's Vineyard, extreme SW Rhode Island, and most of Long Island to central Florida in the eastern states, include the southern tier of the Midwest, and extend as far north as the Columbia Valley of SE Washington in the inland west. Under this definition Boise, Cincinnati, Denver, Harrisburg, and St. Louis are borderline, Baltimore, Louisville, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. are Cfa, and Walla Walla, Washington is Csa, but the Pacific coastline is Csb.
Uruguay: All
Venezuela: Mérida1 4, Mucuchíes1
Europe
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.
Albania: Durrës, Elbasan, Shkodër, Tirana, Vlorë
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Coastal strip including Neum, Mostar2
Bulgaria: Sandanski, Sozopol, Sunny Beach, Tsarevo, Varna2
Crimea: Yalta2 (disputed between Russia and Ukraine)
Croatia: Dubrovnik, Pula, Rijeka2, Split, Zadar
France: Ajaccio, Avignon, Belle Île1, Biarritz1, Bordeaux1, Cannes, Île d'Yeu1, La Rochelle3, Lourdes3, Marseille, Montpellier, Narbonne, Nice, Nîmes, Noirmoutier3, Perpignan, Toulon, Toulouse2, Ushant3
Gibraltar
Greece: Athens, Corfu, Heraklion, Larissa, Patras, Thessaloniki
Italy: Bari, Cagliari, Capri, Elba, Ferrara2, Florence, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Palermo, Pescara, Pisa, Rome, Taranto, Trieste2
Malta: Birkirkara, Valletta
Monaco
Montenegro: Bar, Kotor [2], Podgorica
North Macedonia: Gevgelija
Portugal: Azores, Braga1, Coimbra, Faro, Lisbon, Porto1, Sintra1
Russia: Sochi and Tuapse on the coast of Krasnodar Krai
San Marino (lower areas are borderline)
Slovenia: Koper2
Spain: A Coruña1, Alicante, Almería, Balearic Islands, Barcelona, Bilbao1, Cádiz, Córdoba, Gijón1, Granada, Huesca2, Logroño, Madrid, Málaga, Mérida, Murcia, San Sebastián1, Santander1, Seville, Toledo, Valencia, Vigo1, Zaragoza
United Kingdom: Bailiwick of Guernsey3, Isles of Scilly3, Jersey3, Penzance3
Vatican City
Oceania
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Australia: New South Wales (though not most of the Tablelands and Highland regions), Jervis Bay Territory, lower elevations of Australian Capital Territory (Canberra is borderline only in Trewartha's classification), parts of Queensland and Western Australia, most of South Australia and Victoria, and Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. Major cities in Australia include Sydney, Melbourne1, Perth, Brisbane, and Adelaide. Also Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island in the Pacific; coastal Tasmania including Hobart1 and Launceston1; and Mount Isa and Rockhampton, Queensland.
Indonesia: Jayawijaya Mountains1, Malino1 3, Mamasa1 Regency
New Zealand: Auckland1, Blenheim1, Chatham Islands1 2,Gisborne1, Hamilton1, Hokitika1, Kaikoura1, Kaitaia1, Kermadec Islands, Masterton1, Napier1, Nelson1, New Plymouth1, Palmerston North1, Rotorua1,Tauranga1, Wellington1, Westport1, Whanganui1, Whangarei1.
Papua New Guinea: Kainantu1, Wabag1
United States: Highlands of the Hawaiian Islands including Volcano1
Southern Indian Ocean
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: Île Amsterdam1 [3], Île Saint-Paul1