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A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle, with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled, often forced labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales following their invasion in 1066. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Belgium
Gravensteen
France
Château de Gisors
Ireland
Ballymoty Motte
Belturbet
Castleruddery Motte
Clough Castle
Coleraine Castle
Dún Dealgan Motte
Gortlownan Motte
Granard Motte
Greencastle
Greenmount Motte
Knockgraffon
Lemonstown Motte
Portlick Motte
Rathgarve Motte & Bailey
Roscrea Castle
South Italy and Sicily
Specchia Torricella near Supersano (Apulia)
Castle of Arechi (Salerno, Campania)
San Marco Argentano (Calabria)
Aci Castello (Sicily)
Motta Sant'Anastasia (Sicily)
Petralia Soprana (Sicily)
The Netherlands
Burcht van Leiden
United Kingdom
= England
=A study by castellologist D. J. Cathcart King published in 1972 listed 473 mottes in England.
= Scotland
=Canmore has records for 47 motte-and-bailey castles in Scotland.
Doune of Invernochty, Aberdeenshire
Duffus Castle, Moray
Hermitage Castle, Liddesdale
Liddel Castle, Liddesdale
Motte of Urr, Dumfries and Galloway
Tibbers Castle, Dumfries and Galloway
= Northern Ireland
=Dromore Castle
Moat Hill, Dundonald
= Wales
=A 1972 study found 268 mottes in Wales.
References
= Notes
== Bibliography
=External links
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