- Revolusi Amerika Serikat
- William Shakespeare
- Partai Unionis Demokrat
- Loyalis (Revolusi Amerika)
- Loyalism
- Ulster loyalism
- Loyal
- Gaddafi loyalism
- Loyal opposition
- Loyalist (American Revolution)
- The Loyal
- Unionism in Ireland
- Parliamentary opposition
- Loyal Garner
- Loyalism - Wikipedia
- Loyalist | Definition & Facts | Britannica
- Loyalism Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
- Loyalist (American Revolution) - Wikipedia
- Loyalist Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
- LOYALISM definition in American English - Collins Online Dictionary
- The Consequences of Loyalism - University of South Carolina Press
- Loyalists and Loyalism in the American Revolution
- What does loyalism mean? - Definitions.net
- Loyalist (disambiguation) - Wikipedia
Loyalism GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalists opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to other colonies in British North America after the revolution.
Historical loyalism
= 18th century
=North America
In North America, the term loyalist characterised colonists who rejected the American Revolution in favour of remaining loyal to the king. American loyalists included royal officials, Anglican clergymen, wealthy merchants with ties to London, demobilised British soldiers, and recent arrivals (especially from Scotland), as well as many ordinary colonists who were conservative by nature and/or felt that the protection of Britain was needed. Colonists with loyalist views accounted for an estimated 15 per cent to 20 per cent of the white colonial population of the day, compared with those described as "Patriots", who accounted for about 40–50 per cent of the population and the rest neutrals. This high level of political polarisation leads historians to argue that the American Revolution was as much a civil war as it was a war of independence from the British Crown.
British military strategy during the American Revolution relied on mobilising loyalist soldiers throughout the Thirteen Colonies. Throughout the war, the British military formed over 100 loyalist line regiments whose strength totaled 19,000 of which 9,700 served most at one time. Including militia and marine forces more than 50,000 served. The Patriots used tactics such as property confiscation to suppress loyalism and drive active loyalists away.
After the war, approximately 80–90 per cent of the Loyalists stayed in the new United States, and adapted to the new conditions and changes of a republic.
= Loyalist migrants =
Of the 62,000 who left by 1784, almost 50,000 sought refuge elsewhere in the British North American colonies of Quebec (partitioned into the Canadas in 1791), New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and St. John's Island; whereas the remaining loyalist migrants went to Jamaica, the Bahamas and Britain, often with financial help from the Crown. They were joined by 30,000 or more "Late Loyalists" who settled in Ontario in the early 1790s at the invitation of the British administration and given land and low taxes in exchange for swearing allegiance to the King, for a total of 70,000+ new settlers. There were in fact four waves of emigration: in the years 1774 through 1776 when for example 1300 Tories were evacuated with the British fleet that left Boston for Halifax; the large wave of 50,000 in the years 1783; some few thousands who had stayed in the new Republic but left disenchanted with the results of the revolution for Upper Canada between 1784 and 1790; and the large number 'Late Loyalists,' 30,000, who came in the early 1790s for land, many of them neutrals during the War, to Upper Canada; they soon outnumbered the original truly committed anti-Republicans, 10,000, who had earlier arrived: some Loyalists about 10 per cent maybe from New Brunswick returned to the States as did an unknown number from Nova Scotia. This migration also included indigenous loyalists such as Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, the "Black Loyalists" – former slaves who had joined the British cause in exchange for their freedom, and Anabaptist loyalists (Mennonites).
These Loyalists were the founders of modern English-speaking Canada, and many of their descendants of these King's Loyal Americans still identify themselves with the nominal hereditary title "UEL" (United Empire Loyalist) today. To one degree or another, from ideological reasons or less so mixed with prospects of a better life, "All the Loyalists had taken a stand for the Crown and the British Empire"...whether "from a rigorous toryism to some vague sense that royal government was hardly so evil as its enemies claimed. In Canada this diversity was preserved. The Loyalist communities were rarely unanimous – or placid – in their politics".
Ireland
The term loyalist was first used in Irish politics in the 1790s to refer to Protestant Irishmen (often of English or Scottish ancestry) who opposed Catholic Emancipation and Irish independence from the British Empire. Prominent Irish loyalists included John Foster, John Fitzgibbon and John Beresford. In the subsequent Irish Rebellion of 1798, the term ultra loyalist was used to describe those who were opposed to the United Irishmen, who were in support of an independent Irish Republic. In 1795, Ulster loyalists founded the Orange Order and organised the Yeoman Militia, which helped to put down the rebellion. Some loyalists, such as Richard Musgrave, considered the rebellion a Catholic plot to drive Protestant colonists out of Ireland.
= 19th century
=Australia
The Sydney and Parramatta Loyalist Associations, with approximately 50 members each, were formed in 1804 to counter radical societies in those counties, and subsequently helped to put down the Castle Hill convict rebellion later that year.
England and Wales
During the early 19th century, nearly every English and Welsh county formed a Loyalist Association of Workers in an effort to counter a perceived threat from radical societies. The first such association was founded in Westminster on 20 November 1792.
Modern loyalism
= Northern Ireland
=Generally, the term loyalist in Northern Ireland is typified by a militant opposition to Irish republicanism, and also often to Roman Catholicism. It stresses Ulster Protestant identity and community with its own folk heroes and events, such as the actions of the 36th (Ulster) Division during World War I and the activities of the Orange Order. An Ulster loyalist is most commonly a unionist who strongly favours the political union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, although some may also support an independent Northern Ireland. In recent times, the term has been used to refer to several loyalist paramilitary groups, such as the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), Red Hand Commando (RHC) and the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF).
Although Irish loyalist paramilitaries have claimed to speak on behalf of their communities and unionists in general, their electoral support is minimal and exclusively based in the urban working class. The Progressive Unionist Party, a pro-Belfast Agreement loyalist party, won seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1998, 2003 and 2007, but lost them in 2011.
= Republic of Ireland
=Loyalism in the post-partition Republic of Ireland has declined since independence. Large numbers of southern Irish loyalists and non-loyalists volunteered for service in the British Armed Forces in World War I and World War II, many of them losing their lives or settling in the United Kingdom after the wars. Partition saw mass movements of southern loyalists to Northern Ireland or to Great Britain, although small loyalist or neo-unionist groups are still active.
= Scotland
=The Scottish loyalist movement originated during the Industrial Revolution when a significant number of Ulster Protestants migrated to Scotland from Ireland. In Scotland, a loyalist is someone on the fringes of Scottish unionism who is often strongly supportive of loyalism and unionism, although mainly concentrating on the Irish union issue rather than on Scottish politics. Scottish loyalism is typified by militant opposition to Scottish republicanism, Scottish independence.
Coming from a large section of Scottish society Scottish loyalism has become more visible through prominent demonstrations of the beliefs of its members since the establishment of a Scottish Parliament. Scottish loyalism is visible through participation at Orange parades with supporters from Rangers, Heart of Midlothian F.C. and Airdrie United.
Loyalists in Scotland mostly live in small working-class enclaves in the major urban centres or industrial villages, notably Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Edinburgh, Renfrewshire, Fife, West Lothian and Ayrshire. There are relatively few loyalists in areas such as Aberdeen, the Scottish Borders and the Scottish Highlands.
See also
Conservative
Legitimist
Monarchism
Reactionary
Restoration (disambiguation)
Royalist
Notes
References
External links
American Loyalists
British Ulster Alliance
Ulster-Scots Online
CAIN – University of Ulster
Haldimand Collection
Welsh Loyalists
Scottish Loyalists
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Loyalism Meaning - YouTube
Loyal Meaning - YouTube
Loyalist | meaning of Loyalist - YouTube
Loyalists Definition & Image | GameSmartz
Loyalist | Definition & Facts | Britannica
Loyalism: What it means to me. | Longkesh Inside Out
Loyalist Blog
Loyalists - It's Their Point of View
The Loyalists' Response - Boston Massacre: The Spark That Ignited The ...
Loyalist Presentation
Loyalist Presentation
Loyalist Presentation
loyalism
Daftar Isi
Loyalism - Wikipedia
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom.
Loyalist | Definition & Facts | Britannica
Jan 31, 2025 · loyalist, colonist loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution. Loyalists constituted about one-third of the population of the American colonies during that conflict.
Loyalism Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LOYALISM is the principles or conduct of a loyalist : display of loyalty. How to use loyalism in a sentence.
Loyalist (American Revolution) - Wikipedia
Loyalists were colonists in the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, often referred to as Tories, [1][2] Royalists, or King's Men at the time. They were opposed by the Patriots or Whigs, who supported the revolution and considered them "persons inimical to the liberties of America." [3]
Loyalist Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LOYALIST is one who is or remains loyal especially to a political cause, party, government, or sovereign. How to use loyalist in a sentence.
LOYALISM definition in American English - Collins Online Dictionary
LOYALISM definition: the quality or state of being a patriotic supporter of one's sovereign or government | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English
The Consequences of Loyalism - University of South Carolina Press
Jan 31, 2019 · Loyalists from all facets of society fought for what they considered their home country: women wrote letters, commanders took to the battlefield, and thinkers shaped the political conversation.
Loyalists and Loyalism in the American Revolution
But if the political complexion between 1775 and 1783 is accurately described as equally divided among patriots, loyalists, and those diffident or disaffected, understanding loyalism is essential to unlocking the puzzle of revolutionary America.
What does loyalism mean? - Definitions.net
In general, loyalism refers to an individual's allegiance toward an established government, political party, or sovereign, especially during times of war and revolt. The most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crown.
Loyalist (disambiguation) - Wikipedia
Look up loyalist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Loyalist, a person who supports the British monarchy or the United Kingdom. Loyalist (American Civil War), an individual living in the Confederate States of America who remained loyal to the United States of America during the American Civil War.