malaga island

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      Malaga Island is a 41-acre (170,000 m2) island at the mouth of the New Meadows River in Casco Bay, Maine, United States. It was the site of an interracial community from the American Civil War until 1911, when the residents were forcibly evicted from the island. It is now an uninhabited reserve owned and managed by the Maine Coast Heritage Trust. Public daytime access is permitted.


      History



      Allen Breed writes that there are multiple theories of how the colony formed. "Some say the island was a convenient place for merchant seaman to drop their black paramours before sailing home to their wives" or being a stop on the Underground Railroad, but neither of these theories have evidence to back up their claims. Instead, it is believed that most Malaga settlers were descendants of Benjamin Darling, a Freedman who settled nearby Harbor Island. The first resident of the island was a black man named Henry Griffin from Harpswell, who is believed to have moved there in the early to mid 1860s. By 1880, the island was believed to have 27 people.
      The Casco Bay Breeze, Bangor Daily News and other newspapers investigated during the 1890s, then printed stories about a "degenerate colony" whose indiscretions included use of tobacco and of tea. Some reports alleged incest and wife swapping in the community, as well as children with blunted horns living underground. The towns of Phippsburg and Harpswell fought not to take control over the settlement (as they would have to pay to support paupers in the community), but to build a hotel for business, and in 1905 the State of Maine named island residents wards of the state. The state built a school and furnished a schoolteacher and began focusing its attention on the unorthodox community.
      While some saw improvement in the island, Governor Frederick W. Plaisted saw blight on his state's reputation. Under the Governor's direction, Maine's authorities abducted and removed men, women, and children many of whom were forced into various institutions and, in 1912, undertook the mass eviction of the remaining 45-member interracial community. To discourage resettlement, Maine authorities eventually even dug up the graves, and took the dead for burial at the Maine School for the Feeble-Minded in New Gloucester.
      The island was bought by Eli Perry in 1818 for $150, though there are few records of continued ownership. The island was mentioned twice in the family's deeds over the next hundred years, "and never in any of the Perry family wills". Tax records in Phippsburg found that no one had ever paid taxes on the island. In 1911, despite these questions on ownership, the Perry family ordered the residents to leave. The state then bought the island and evicted the islanders, paying them a relocation stipend. One family of seven and one other person were deemed feeble-minded and placed in an institution, although the accuracy of their diagnosis is disputed.
      Missionaries helping the Islanders had negotiated to buy the island from the Perry family in order to allow the residents to stay, but the governor outbid them and then evicted the residents. The governor's motivation is unclear, as he had previously pledged to help the community. It is speculated that this was a personal retribution against the missionaries, who had defeated him in a bitter political fight over Prohibition.
      In 1912, the state authorized advertising the sale of the island.
      The descendants of around fifty individuals once living on Malaga Island became scattered around different towns and cities in Maine.
      Following the eviction, the state of Maine tore down all structures on the island except for the schoolhouse, which was moved to nearby Louds Island.


      Recognition and legacy


      On April 7, 2010, Maine legislators finally issued an official statement of regret for the Malaga incident, but did so without notifying descendants and other stakeholders either before or after the fact. The "public" apology didn't become known to the public until nearly four months later, when an article appeared in a monthly magazine, Down East, which also procured a statement of regret by Governor John Baldacci. The island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023.
      In 2012, a retrospective exhibit at the Maine State Museum was opened by governor Paul LePage. From 2019–2020, the Tate Gallery in London presented an installation, Amalgam, by social practice artist Theaster Gates (b. 1973) interpreting the history of Malaga.
      American novelist Paul Harding uses the history of the island and its people as inspiration for a fictional narrative in 2023's This Other Eden. Critics claimed the novel includes harmful myths about the island's residents that historians have tried to correct.
      Author Stephen Hemingway of Woolwich, Maine has used Malaga Island for his 2012 historical fiction novel, "The Malaga Chronicles."


      See also


      List of islands of Maine
      Harbor Island, Phippsburg, Maine


      Further reading


      The Shame of Maine (Steve Mitchell, 1999)
      Lizzie Bright and the Buckminster Boy (Gary Schmidt, 2004)


      References




      External links


      Malaga Island: A Story Best Untold (WMPG radio documentary online with photos) Click on the Audio tab to listen to the entire documentary.
      "Malaga Island, Fragmented Lives". Retrieved February 18, 2024. (Maine State Museum; search "Malaga" for related materials on website.)
      Andrea Brand, Art, Blog, History, Photos - Malaga Island, Maine, Harbor Island, Maine, Phippsburg, Maine
      History - Sebasco - Phippsburg, Maine
      "The Evictions of Malaga Island". C-SPAN Local Content. September 10, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.

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    Malaga Island - Wikipedia

    Malaga Island is a 41-acre (170,000 m 2) island at the mouth of the New Meadows River in Casco Bay, Maine, United States. It was the site of an interracial community from the American Civil War until 1911, when the residents were forcibly evicted from the island. [3]

    Malaga Island: An Overview of its Cultural and Natural History

    Jul 6, 2009 · An overview of the cultural and natural history of Malaga Island, a 42-acre island in the New Meadows River that was home to a mixed-race community evicted by the state of Maine in 1912.

    In Maine, a Hidden History on Malaga Island - U.S. News

    Jun 4, 2019 · In Maine, a Hidden History on Malaga Island. An isolated pocket of African American families flourished for a time in Maine, and now their descendants are discovering their past.

    Inhabited: The Story of Malaga Island | Bowdoin College - News

    Nov 13, 2020 · Less than ten miles from Bowdoin as the crow flies, just a short distance from the Phippsburg shore, Malaga Island was once home to a small fishing community established by descendants of a freed slave, all of them forced from their homes by …

    Malaga Island, Phippsburg - Maine Coast Heritage Trust

    Malaga Island was once home to a mixed-race fishing community forcibly removed by the state in 1912. Now a public preserve and important Maine historical site, we encourage all to learn the story of Malaga and those who called the island home.

    Malaga Island Has Gone from Dark Secret to Source Material

    Malaga Island Has Gone from Dark Secret to Source Material. Once a hushed secret, the state's dehumanizing treatment of Malaga's mixed-race community is finding its way into the culture through art, poetry, and literature. But can creative interpretations obscure the hard-won truth?

    Explore Malaga Island - Maine State Museum

    The Malaga Island, Fragmented Lives exhibition at the Maine State Museum is now closed. But, you can continue to explore the island’s history through this website, which includes a variety of historical photographs and pictures of artifacts, as well as detailed information about Malaga Island and its people.

    The History - Maine State Museum

    Like much of the Maine coast, 42-acre Malaga Island is rocky and rugged. The shell beach on the north end was the location of several settlements, beginning with Native Americans who inhabited the island within the last 1,000 years.

    Malaga Island: A Story Best Left Untold

    In 1912, a multi-racial community of about forty-five people was evicted by the state of Maine from Malaga Island, just off the coast of Phippsburg. It was an act motivated by economics, racism, eugenics, and political retribution.

    The Dark Secrets of This Now-Empty Island in Maine

    Jul 14, 2016 · There is a significant absence of life on this small, 40-acre island, save for vegetation and chattering red squirrels, which belies the fact that a small fishing community once resided here....