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- Mange - Wikipedia
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- How to Identify Mange on Dogs (with Pictures) - wikiHow
- Mange in Humans: Symptoms, Treatment, and More - Healthline
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- What is Mange? And How To Treat It Fast - US Service Animals
- Mange in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
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Mange () is a type of skin disease caused by parasitic mites. Because various species of mites also infect plants, birds and reptiles, the term "mange", or colloquially "the mange", suggesting poor condition of the skin and fur due to the infection, is sometimes reserved for pathological mite-infestation of nonhuman mammals. Thus, mange includes mite-associated skin disease in domestic mammals (cats and dogs), in livestock (such as sheep scab), and in wild mammals (for example, foxes, coyotes, cougars, Tasmanian devils, and wombats). Severe mange caused by mites has been observed in wild bears. Since mites belong to the arachnid subclass Acari (also called Acarina), another term for mite infestation is acariasis.
Parasitic mites that cause mange in mammals embed themselves in either skin or hair follicles in the animal, depending upon their genus. Sarcoptes spp. burrow into skin, while Demodex spp. live in follicles.
In humans, these two types of mite infections, which would be known as "mange" in furry mammals, are instead known respectively as scabies and demodicosis.
Classification
= Demodectic mange
=Also called demodicosis or red mange, demodectic mange is caused by a sensitivity to and overpopulation of Demodex spp. The two types of demodectic mange are localized and generalized. Localized consists of four spots or less. Demodex is not zoonotic and is not transferable across species. Each host species has its own species of Demodex. For example, dogs are hosts to Demodex canis and cats are hosts to Demodex cati. A type of demodectic infection in humans is known, but is less commonly symptomatic. See Demodex folliculorum.
= Sarcoptic mange
=Sarcoptic mange, also known as canine scabies, is a highly contagious infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, a burrowing mite. The canine sarcoptic mite can also infest cats, pigs, horses, sheep, and various other species. The human analog of burrowing mite infection, due to a closely related species, is called scabies (the "seven-year itch").
Burrowing mites are in the family Sarcoptidae. They dig into and through the skin, causing intense itching from an allergic reaction to the mite's feces, and crusting that can quickly become infected. Hair loss and crusting frequently appear first on elbows and ears. Skin damage can occur from the dog's intense scratching and biting. Secondary skin infection is also common. Dogs with chronic sarcoptic mange are often in poor condition, and in both animals and humans, immune suppression from starvation or any other disease causes this type of mange to develop into a highly crusted form in which the burden of mites is far higher than that in initially-healthy individuals.
Diagnosis
Veterinarians usually attempt diagnosis with skin scrapings from multiple areas, which are then examined under a microscope for mites. Sarcoptes mites, because they may be present in relatively low numbers, and because they are often removed by dogs chewing at themselves, may be difficult to demonstrate. As a result, diagnosis in sarcoptic mange is often based on symptoms rather than actual confirmation of the presence of mites. A common and simple way of determining if a dog has mange is if it displays what is called a "pedal-pinna reflex", which is when the dog moves one of its hind legs in a scratching motion as the ear is being manipulated and scratched gently by the examiner; because the mites proliferate on the ear margins in nearly all cases at some point, this method works over 95% of the time. It is helpful in cases where all symptoms of mange are present but no mites are observed with a microscope. The test is also positive in animals with ear mites, an ear canal infection caused by a different but closely related mite (treatment is often the same). In some countries, an available serologic test may be useful in diagnosis.
Treatment
Affected dogs are sometimes isolated from other dogs and their bedding, and places they have occupied must be thoroughly cleaned. Other dogs in contact with a diagnosed case should be evaluated and treated. A number of parasitical treatments are useful in treating canine scabies. Sulfurated lime (a mixture of calcium polysulfides) rinses applied weekly or biweekly are effective (the concentrated form for use on plants as a fungicide must be diluted 1:16 or 1:32 for use on animal skin).
Selamectin is licensed for treatment in dogs by veterinary prescription in several countries; it is applied as a dose directly to the skin, once per month (the drug does not wash off). A related and older drug ivermectin is also effective and can be given by mouth for two to four weekly treatments or until two negative skin scrapings are achieved. Oral ivermectin is not safe to use on some collie-like herding dogs, however, due to possible homozygous MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) mutations that increase its toxicity by allowing it into the brain. Ivermectin injections are also effective and given either weekly or every two weeks in one to four doses, although the same MDR1 dog restrictions apply.
Affected cats can be treated with fipronil and milbemycin oxime.
Topical 0.01% ivermectin in oil (Acarexx) has been reported to be effective in humans, and all mite infections in many types of animals (especially in ear mite infections where the animal cannot lick the treated area), and is so poorly absorbed that systemic toxicity is less likely in these sites. Nevertheless, topical ivermectin has not been well enough tested to be approved for this use in dogs, and is theoretically much more dangerous in zones where the animal can potentially lick the treated area. Selamectin applied to the skin (topically) has some of the same theoretical problems in collies and MDR1 dogs as ivermectin, but it has nevertheless been approved for use for all dogs provided that the animal can be observed for eight hours after the first monthly treatment. Topical permethrin is also effective in both dogs and humans, but is toxic to cats.
Afoxolaner (oral treatment with a chewable tablet containing afoxolaner 2.27% w/w) has been shown to be efficient against both sarcoptic and demodectic mange in dogs.
Free-ranging wombats are commonly treated topically with moxidectin by wildlife carers in Australia, because it poses a low risk.
Sarcoptic mange is transmissible to humans who come into prolonged contact with infested animals, and is distinguished from human scabies by its distribution on skin surfaces covered by clothing. For treatment of sarcoptic infection in humans, see scabies. For demodetic infection in humans, which is not as severe as it is in animals with thicker coats (such as dogs), see Demodex folliculorum.
See also
Cheyletiella – This genus of mites causes dermatitis and itching in many groups of mammals, including pets and humans, but rarely causes hair loss, so is not usually considered clinically to cause "mange".
Demodicosis
References
Further reading
Bornstein, Set; Mörner, Torsten; Samuel, William M. (2001). "Sarcoptes scabiei and Sarcoptic Mange". In Samuel, William M.; Pybus, Margo J.; Kocan, A. Alan (eds.). Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals. Wiley. pp. 107–19. ISBN 978-0-8138-2978-4.
External links
The dictionary definition of mange at Wiktionary
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Mange | Definition, Causes, & Facts | Britannica
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Mange - Wikipedia
Mange (/ ˈ m eɪ n dʒ /) is a type of skin disease caused by parasitic mites. [1] Because various species of mites also infect plants, birds and reptiles, the term "mange", or colloquially "the mange", suggesting poor condition of the skin and fur due to the infection, is sometimes reserved for pathological mite-infestation of nonhuman mammals.
Mange in Dogs: What You Need to Know - American Kennel Club
Nov 9, 2023 · In dogs, there are two major forms of mange, each caused by different mites: Sarcoptic and Demodectic. Learn more about mange symptoms & treatment.
How to Recognize, Treat, and Prevent Mange in Dogs - Daily Paws
Apr 5, 2024 · Mange is most commonly caused by the sarcoptic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, or a closely-related mite species like Notoedres, also known as scabies. Your dog can catch these parasites from another animal or contaminated bedding...and ultimately pass them on to you and your other household pets.
How to Identify Mange on Dogs (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Jul 8, 2024 · Mange is a type of inflammatory skin disease caused by tiny parasitic mites on dogs. There are two basic types of mange, sarcoptic and demodectic, which have similar (although separate) causes and symptoms.
Mange in Humans: Symptoms, Treatment, and More - Healthline
May 31, 2023 · Mange is a skin condition that’s caused by mites to animals. The human version of this condition is called scabies. Mites are tiny parasites that feed and live on or under your skin.
Mange in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment | The Vets
Jan 20, 2025 · Mange is a common skin condition in dogs caused by parasitic mites. It can lead to various symptoms, including intense itching, hair loss, and skin irritation. If left untreated, mange can worsen and lead to secondary infections or other complications.
Mange in Dogs and Cats - Merck Veterinary Manual
Dogs with chronic, generalized sarcoptic mange develop seborrhea, severe thickening of the skin with fold formation and crust buildup, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and emaciation; dogs so affected may even die.
How Do Dogs Get Mange? Our Vet Explains Causes, Signs
Oct 28, 2024 · Mange is a common skin condition affecting some dogs. We see two major types of mange in dogs: sarcoptic and demodectic.
What is Mange? And How To Treat It Fast - US Service Animals
Mange is a skin disease which occurs to mammals and is very common amongst dogs. It is caused by parasitic, microscopic mites and although these can infect plants, reptiles, and birds, the term ‘mange’ refers to mite-mite-infestation on non-human mammals.
Mange in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
Mange is a parasitic skin condition caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin, leading to irritation, hair loss, and intense itching. Understanding the different types of mange, their symptoms, and effective treatment options is crucial for any dog owner.