marcus samuel 1st viscount bearsted

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      Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted, (5 November 1853 – 17 January 1927), known as Sir Marcus Samuel between 1898 and 1921 and subsequently as Lord Bearsted until 1925, was a Lord Mayor of London and the founder of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, which was later restructured including a Netherlands-based company commonly referred to as Royal Dutch Shell.


      Career


      Samuel was born into a family of Baghdadi Jews in Whitechapel, London. His father, also named Marcus Samuel, ran a successful import-export business, M. Samuel & Co., trading with the coalition in the Far East, which Marcus carried on with his brother, Samuel Samuel. M. Samuel & Co launched the first Japanese gold sterling loan issued in London in 1897, and was largely concerned in the introduction of Japanese municipal loans, and in the development of the coal trade in Japan.
      He was educated at Edmonton and in Brussels, and travelled extensively in Asia before settling down in business, visiting Ceylon, Straits Settlements, Siam, the Philippines, China and Japan.
      Samuel realised the potential of the oil market during a prospecting trip to the Caucasus in 1890. In 1891, he secured a nine year exclusive deal with the Rothschilds, to sell Bnito's kerosene east of Suez. Samuel had commissioned the design and construction of a safer generation of tanker, safe enough to transit the Suez Canal. The first of which was Murex, that set sail from West Hartlepool for Batum on 22 July 1892, where it acquired its load of kerosene. The ship transited the Suez Canal on 23 August, and proceeded onward to his storage facilities in Singapore and then Bangkok, for retail distribution. Samuel then built ten additional ships, also named for seashells. In 1895, he received a concession in the Kutei region of east Borneo, where oil was discovered in 1897.
      In 1897, he incorporated the Shell Transport and Trading Company, in reference to the trading business his father started as a "shell merchant". He was made a justice of the peace in Kent, a master of the Spectacle Makers' Company, and received a knighthood for helping a British warship grounded at Port Said.: 63, 117, 123–124 
      Samuel had a long career in the civic government of the City of London. He was elected an Alderman of the London ward of Portsoken in 1891, and elected Sheriff of the City of London in 1894 (serving October 1894 to September 1895). While Sheriff, he took a leading part in the scheme for the unification of London by the absorption of the City and the metropolitan districts into the London County Council (which had been created in 1889). In late September 1902 he was elected Lord Mayor of London for the coming year (serving from November 1902 to November 1903), and received the traditional Baronetcy in 1903. During his year as Lord Mayor, he paid official visits to several English cities. Accompanied by the sheriffs, he visited Newcastle upon Tyne in late November 1902, where his wife named a Shell petroleum steamer, they made a journey down the River Tyne, and visited the Elswick works.
      He was on the Commission for the Lieutenancy for City of London, a visiting justice of Holloway and Newgate prisons, and chairman of a City committee in connection with the Royal Commission on the Port of London (1900–02). He was also for three years a member of the Thames Conservancy board as the elected representative of the shipowners, and was a Justice of the peace for Kent.
      In 1907, Samuel's company combined with Royal Dutch Petroleum to create the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, a holding company for Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, containing the production and refining assets, and Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company containing the transport and storage assets.: 126–127  Marcus served as a Director of the Alliance Marine Assurance Company. M. Samuel & Co., having transformed over the years to a merchant bank, merged in 1965 with Philip Hill, Higginson, Erlangers Ltd to create Hill Samuel, which is now a part of Lloyds TSB.
      In recognition of his contribution to the British cause in World War I, he was created 1st Baron Bearsted of Maidstone in the County of Kent in the 1921 Birthday Honours.: 175  In the 1925 Birthday Honours, he was elevated to 1st Viscount Bearsted. Lord Bearsted was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law (LLD) from the University of Sheffield during his lifetime.


      Personal life



      Samuel was born into an Iraqi Jewish family in Whitechapel, London. He married Fanny Elizabeth Benjamin in 1881, a daughter of Benjamin Benjamin, of Stranraer House, London. Lady Samuel was godmother to the steam tanker SS Silverlip during a visit to Newcastle in November 1902.
      Samuel went riding every morning at Hyde Park, London, and his country house was on a 500-acre estate in Kent, called The Mote.: 70 


      Titles


      Mr Marcus Samuel (1853–1898)
      Sir Marcus Samuel (1898–1903)
      Sir Marcus Samuel Bt. (1903–1921)
      The Rt. Hon. The Lord Bearsted Bt. (1921–1925)
      The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Bearsted Bt. (1925–1927)


      See also


      The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power
      Nellie Ionides


      Footnotes




      References


      Biography, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography


      Further reading




      External links


      Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Bearsted
      Shell International history
      Jewish Encyclopedia

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    Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted - Wikipedia

    Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted, (5 November 1853 – 17 January 1927), known as Sir Marcus Samuel between 1898 and 1921 and subsequently as Lord Bearsted until 1925, was a Lord Mayor of London and the founder of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, which was later restructured including a Netherlands-based company commonly referred to ...

    Life Story of Marcus Samuel — Willesden Jewish Cemetery

    May 22, 2020 · Marcus Samuel was a pioneer in the global shipment of oil, became Lord Mayor of London and died as 1st Viscount Bearsted. The company he founded, Shell, is still a leader in world energy with a corporate identity that attests to its origins in …

    Viscount Marcus Samuel Bearsted (1853-1927) - Find a Grave

    He was created 1st Baron Bearsted of Maidstone in June 1921 and was created 1st Viscount Bearsted of Maidstone in June 1925. He died two years later at age 73. British Peer, Industrialist.

    Marcus Samuel (1853-1927) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree

    Jan 3, 2024 · Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted by London Stereoscopic & Photographic Company

    Marcus Samuel biography. British businessman, founder of 'Shell ...

    Marcus Samuel, also known as Sir Marcus Samuel, 1st Baronet and later Lord Bearsted, was a British businessman and the founder of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, the predecessor of the Royal Dutch Shell conglomerate.

    Bearsted, Marcus Samuel, First Viscount - Encyclopedia.com

    BEARSTED, MARCUS SAMUEL, FIRST VISCOUNT (1853–1927), founder of the Shell Oil Company. Marcus Samuel was educated at Jewish schools in London and Brussels before joining the firm established by his father Marcus Samuel, who had prospered in the Far Eastern trade, principally from selling fancy shells and ornamental shell boxes.

    Sir Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted - Geni.com

    Jul 21, 2022 · "Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted JP (5 November 1853 – 17 January 1927), known as Sir Marcus Samuel, Bt between 1903 and 1921 and subsequently as The Lord Bearsted until 1925, was the founder of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, a …

    Bearsted; a biography of Marcus Samuel, first viscount Bearsted, …

    May 3, 2023 · Bearsted; a biography of Marcus Samuel, first viscount Bearsted, and founder of "Shell" Transport and Trading Company by Henriques, Robert David Quixano, 1905-1967

    Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted - Biography — JewAge

    Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted JP (5 November 1853 – 17 January 1927), known as Sir Marcus Samuel, 1st Baronet between 1903 and 1921 and subsequently as The Lord Bearsted until 1925, was the founder of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, a …

    Sir Marcus Samuel, Viscount Bearsted - Britannica

    In 1878 in London, Marcus Samuel (1853–1927) took over his father’s import-export business (which included the import of Oriental shells—hence the later name) and started a sideline of handling consignments of kerosene. In 1892 he began operating tankers sailing to the Far East and set up oil depots and… Read More