montgomery castle

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      Montgomery Castle (Welsh: Castell Trefaldwyn) is a stone castle looking over the town of Montgomery in Powys, Mid Wales. It is one of many Norman castles on the border between Wales and England.
      Its strategic importance in the Welsh Marches meant that it was destroyed and rebuilt a number of times until the early 14th century, when the area was largely pacified. During the First English Civil War, it was the site of the largest battle in Wales on 17 September 1644; the walls were slighted after the Second English Civil War in 1649 to prevent the castle being used again.


      Motte and bailey castle


      The original motte and bailey is now known as Hen Domen and was built at the order of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, sometime between 1071 and 1074. In 1093, it was captured by Prince Cadwgan ap Bleddyn and his brothers.
      After the rebellion of his son Robert of Belleme in 1102, the castle was given to Baldwin de Boulers, the derivation of its Welsh name, "Trefaldwyn" or "Baldwin's town". The de Boulers (later known as Bowdler) family held the castle until 1214, when it was destroyed by Prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth of the Royal House of Aberffraw.


      Stone castle


      The rebuilding of Montgomery Castle in stone was commenced in the late summer of 1223 on the 16th birthday of Henry III of England, a mile to the south-east of the original site. Its architect was Hubert de Burgh, who also rebuilt Skenfrith Castle, Grosmont Castle and White Castle in the Welsh Marches. From 1223 until 1228 masons worked solidly building the entire inner ward, or donjon as it was then known, on a great rock above the later town of Montgomery. This work consisted of the gatehouse, two D-shaped towers and the apartments which crowded around the curtain wall of the inner ward. After an unsuccessful attack by Prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth in 1228, the middle and outer wards were added; another attack in 1233 resulted in damage to the well tower, which had to be subsequently repaired and re-roofed.
      Montgomery was granted a Royal Charter in 1227, making it the oldest borough in Wales, and in 1267 hosted negotiations for the Treaty of Montgomery, where Henry III granted Llywelyn ap Gruffudd the title of Prince of Wales. In December 1282, the castle garrison formed part of the army that defeated and killed Llywelyn at the Battle of Orewin Bridge.


      Owain Glyndŵr


      The walled town of Montgomery was attacked by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr in 1402 and sacked and burned. The local forces successfully defended the castle and the town remain a ruin until the early 17th century.


      Wars of the Three Kingdoms


      When the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Mid Wales was largely Royalist and the castle held for Charles I by the elderly Lord Herbert of Cherbury. In September 1644, he surrendered to Parliamentarian troops commanded by Sir Thomas Myddelton and Thomas Mytton. On 18 September, a Royalist attempt to retake the castle was repulsed in what was the biggest battle of the war in Wales and a major victory for Parliament. However, the new Parliamentarian governor Sir John Pryce, a Royalist defector, switched sides again in May 1645.
      Much of Wales rose again in the 1648 Second English Civil War and the castle walls were demolished by Parliament in June 1649, despite opposition from the 2nd Lord Herbert, who succeeded his father in 1648. This policy was followed throughout England and Wales to prevent them being used again, reducing the number and cost of garrisons required. He was the last to use the castle as a residence and was buried at Montgomery in 1655.


      Finds and exhibition


      There are permanent exhibitions relating to the medieval Hen Domen and Norman Montgomery Castles and their archaeological excavations with scale models of both in The Old Bell Museum, Montgomery, Powys.


      In popular culture


      Hungarian poet Janos Arany's ballad The Bards of Wales, written in 1857, retells the legend of the 500 Welsh bards allegedly burned at the stake by Edward I of England for refusing to sing his praises during a banquet at Montgomery Castle, following the Edwardian conquest of Wales.


      See also


      Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
      List of castles in Wales
      The Old Bell Museum, Montgomery, Powys.


      References




      Sources


      Plant. "Battle of Montgomery". BCW Project. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
      Hutton, Ronald (2003). The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-30540-2.
      Williams, W.R (1895). The parliamentary history of the principality of Wales, from the earliest times to the present day, 1541–1895.


      External links



      Official website from Cadw
      3D interactive model by www.dragonuav.co.uk via Sketchfab

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    Montgomery Castle - Wikipedia

    Montgomery Castle (Welsh: Castell Trefaldwyn) is a stone castle looking over the town of Montgomery in Powys, Mid Wales. It is one of many Norman castles on the border between Wales and England.

    Montgomery Castle - Cadw

    Montgomery is one of those castles that, even in ruin, retain a powerful atmosphere and presence that transcend its state of preservation. Perhaps it’s something to do with its location, on a steep crag above a pretty Georgian town with all-seeing views across the Welsh border.

    Montgomery Castle: Story behind Wales' most fought-over castle - BBC

    Dec 30, 2023 · Montgomery Castle may not be the oldest or biggest in Wales and it certainly isn't the best preserved. Instead its claim to fame is being the most fought-over in Welsh history.

    Montgomery Castle - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (2025) - Tripadvisor

    As if you walk up to the castle from Montgomery town it is a very very steep climb. But I do recommend this hidden gem . It's strategic location offers magnificent views second to none in the area.

    Montgomery Castle (Cadw) | VisitWales

    About Montgomery Castle (Cadw) Perhaps it’s something to do with its location, on a steep crag above a pretty Georgian town with all-seeing views across the Welsh border. Commenced around 1223 on the orders of Henry III in response to the growing power of Welsh native prince Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), Montgomery’s stone ...

    Montgomery Castle | Visitor Information | Castle History

    The Montgomery Castle ruins stand above the town of Montgomery in Powys, Mid Wales. The site is free to visit and is operated by CadW. Built in the Norman era, the site was of strategic importance on the border between Wales and England. The castle changed hands many times and was destroyed and rebuilt several times over the centuries.

    Montgomery Castle

    The castle at Montgomery succeeded the motte-and-bailey castle at Hen Domen one mile to the north-west, after 1223. It was far more strongly sited, on a steep rocky ridge running north-south, reflecting changing military fashion.

    Montgomery Castle - Castles and Legends

    Montgomery Castle is situated in Powys, Wales and built on top of a steep crag which gives the castle’s location spectacular views of the Georgian town of Montgomery and nearby countryside. The stone castle was built in 1223 replacing an earlier timber structure, in times of strife between the English and Welsh along the Welsh Marches.

    Montgomery Castle - historiesandcastles.com

    The ruins of Montgomery Castle provide scenic views across the surrounding countryside. Built by the Normans in the 11th century shortly after their conquest of England, Montgomery Castle was strategically sited to control major routes along the Welsh-English border.

    Montgomery Castle 800 Years

    Montgomery Town Site. Castle 800 Menu. Gallery & Video; Stalls; Event Timeline; Costume Ideas