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Nadsat is a fictional register or argot used by the teenage gang members in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange. Burgess was a linguist and he used this background to depict his characters as speaking a form of Russian-influenced English. The name comes from the Russian suffix equivalent of -teen as in thirteen (-надцать, -nad·tsat). Nadsat was also used in Stanley Kubrick's film adaptation of the book.




Description



Nadsat is a mode of speech used by the nadsat, members of the teen subculture in the novel A Clockwork Orange. The narrator and protagonist of the book, Alex, uses it in first-person style to relate the story to the reader. He also uses it to communicate with other characters in the novel, such as his droogs, parents, victims and any authority-figures with whom he comes in contact. As with many speakers of non-standard varieties of English, Alex is capable of speaking standard English when he wants to. It is not a written language: the sense that readers get is of a transcription of vernacular speech.
Nadsat is English with some borrowed words from Russian. It also contains influences from Cockney rhyming slang, the King James Bible, German, some words of unclear origin and some that Burgess invented. The word nadsat is the suffix of Russian numerals from 11 to 19 (-надцать). The suffix is an almost exact linguistic parallel to the English -teen and is derived from на, meaning 'on' and a shortened form of десять, the number ten. Droog is derived from the Welsh word drwg, meaning 'bad', 'naughty' or 'evil' and the Russian word друг, meaning a 'close friend'. Some of the words are almost childish plays on English words, such as eggiweg ('egg') and appy polly loggy ('apology'), as well as regular English slang sod and snuff it. The word like and the expression the old are often used as fillers or discourse markers.
The original 1991 translation of Burgess's book into Russian solved the problem of how to illustrate the Nadsat words by using transliterated, slang English words in places where Burgess had used Russian ones – for example, droogs became фрэнды (frendy). Borrowed English words with Russian inflection were widely used in Russian slang, especially among Russian hippies in the 1970s–1980s.




Function


Burgess was a polyglot who loved language in all its forms. However, he realized that if he used contemporary slang, the novel would very quickly become dated, owing to the way in which teenage language is constantly changing. He was therefore forced to invent his own vocabulary, and to set the book in an imaginary future. Burgess was later to point out that, ironically, some of the Nadsat words in the book had been appropriated by American teenagers, "and thus shoved [his] future into the discardable past." His use of Nadsat was pragmatic; he needed his narrator to have a unique voice that would remain ageless, while reinforcing Alex's indifference to his society's norms, and to suggest that youth subculture was independent from the rest of society. In A Clockwork Orange, Alex's interrogators describe the source of his argot as "subliminal penetration".




Russian influences


Russian influences play the biggest role in Nadsat. Most of those Russian-influenced words are slightly anglicized loan-words, often maintaining the original Russian pronunciation. One example is the Russian word lyudi, which is anglicized to lewdies, meaning 'people'. Another Russian word is bábushka which is anglicized to baboochka, meaning 'grandmother', 'old woman'. Some of the anglicised words are truncated, for example pony from ponimát’, 'to understand', or otherwise shortened, for example veck from čelovék, 'person, man' (though the anglicized word chelloveck is also used in the book).
A further means of constructing Nadsat words is the employment of homophones (known as folk etymology). For example, one Nadsat term which may seem like an English composition, horrorshow, actually stems from the Russian word for 'good'; khorosho, which sounds similar to horrorshow. In this same manner many of the Russian loan-words become an English–Russian hybrid, with Russian origins, and English spellings and pronunciations. A further example is the Russian word for 'head', golová, which sounds similar to Gulliver known from Gulliver's Travels; Gulliver became the Nadsat expression for the concept 'head'.
Many of Burgess's loan-words, such as devotchka ('girl') and droog ('friend'), maintain both their relative spelling and meaning over the course of translation.




Other influences


Additional words were borrowed from other languages: A (possibly Saudi-owned) hotel was named 'Al Idayyin, an Arabic-sounding variant on "Holiday Inn" Hotel chain, while also alluding to the name Aladdin.




Word derivation by common techniques


Nadsat's English slang is constructed with common language-formation techniques. Some words are blended, others clipped or compounded. In Nadsat language a 'fit of laughter' becomes a guff (shortened version of guffawing); a 'skeleton key' becomes a polyclef ('many keys'); and the 'state jail' is blended to the staja, which has the double entendre stager, so that its prisoners got there by a staged act of corruption, as revenge by the state, an interpretation that would fit smoothly into the storyline. Many common English slang terms are simply shortened. A cancer stick, which is (or was) a common English-slang expression for a cigarette, is shortened to a cancer.




Rhyming slang


This feature of Nadsat is derived from Cockney.

Charlie = 'chaplain'
Chaplain and Chaplin (from Charlie Chaplin) are homophones. Using the principles of rhyming slang Burgess uses Charlie Chaplin as a synonym for 'chaplain' and shortens it to Charlie.
Cutter = 'money'
Cutter rhymes with bread and butter, a wilful alteration of bread and honey 'money'.
Pretty polly = 'money'
Another colloquial expression used to describe the concept 'money' is lolly. Lolly rhymes with pretty polly, which is the name of an English folk song and in the world of A Clockwork Orange becomes a new expression for 'money'.
Hound-and-horny = 'corny'
Twenty to one = 'fun'
Fun means 'gang violence' in the context of the story.
The language was also used in the film made by Kubrick.




See also


Runglish
Newspeak
Verlan
Polari
List of nadsat words
List of fictional languages




References






General bibliography


Aggeler, Geoffrey. "Pelagius and Augustine in the novels of Anthony Burgess". English Studies 55 (1974): 43–55. doi:10.1080/00138387408597602.
Burgess, Anthony (1990). You've Had Your Time: Being the Second Part of the Confessions of Anthony Burgess. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. ISBN 978-0-8021-1405-1. OCLC 806307724.
Gladsky, Rita K. "Schema Theory and Literary Texts: Anthony Burgess' Nadsat". Language Quarterly 30:1–2 (Winter–Spring 1992): 39–46.
Saragi, T.; Nation, I. S. Paul; Meister, G. F. (1978). "Vocabulary Learning and Reading". System. 6 (2): 72–78. doi:10.1016/0346-251X(78)90027-1.




External links

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Stanley Kubrick
• Nadsat
• A Clockwork Orange (novel)
• A Clockwork Orange (film)
• Droog
• List of cultural references to A Clockwork Orange
• Clock DVA
• Cant (language)
• Stanley Kubrick
• The Adicts
• Newspeak

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Daftar Isi

• Nadsat - Wikipedia
• Appendix:A Clockwork Orange - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
• Nadsat - A Clockwork Orange Wiki
• A Clockwork Orange: Nadsat Glossary - SparkNotes
• How to Understand the ‘Nadsat’ Argot in “A Clockwork Orange”
• A Clockwork Orange - The International Anthony Burgess …
• Nadsat | A Clockwork Orange Dictionary - Peevish
• Nadsat - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• The Nadsat Language: Decoding the Slang of A Clockwork …
• nadsat - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Nadsat - Wikipedia

Nadsat is a fictional register or argot used by the teenage gang members in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange. Burgess was a linguist and he used this background to depict his characters as speaking a form of Russian-influenced English. [1]

Appendix:A Clockwork Orange - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Nov 18, 2024 · This is a list of the Nadsat words and other fictional terms found in the book by Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange, along with their meanings in English and their lexical origins. The Nadsat slang word is shown with its closest English meaning or meanings.

Nadsat - A Clockwork Orange Wiki

Nadsat is the fictional slang invented by Anthony Burgess, for the novel 'A Clockwork Orange'. The words used are based on 'Russian, Romany and rhyming slang'. The dialect is used by the teenagers or 'nadsats', with the name coming from the Russian suffix for 'teen'.

A Clockwork Orange: Nadsat Glossary - SparkNotes

From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes A Clockwork Orange Study Guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays.

How to Understand the ‘Nadsat’ Argot in “A Clockwork Orange”

Jun 16, 2022 · Nadsat is a fictional language mainly derived from Russian words, but with an Anglicized twist. For example, the Russian word “golova” (which translates into something along the lines of “head”) is written as “gulliver” in the book.

A Clockwork Orange - The International Anthony Burgess …

Nadsat, from the Russian word meaning ‘teen’, is the name of the invented slang in which Alex narrates the novel. Anthony Burgess decided to use Russian because he had learned the basics of the language before visiting Leningrad in 1961.

Nadsat | A Clockwork Orange Dictionary - Peevish

Discover Nadsat, the secret language of the book, A Clockwork Orange, written by Anthony Burgess.

Nadsat - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nadsat is a slang language. It was invented by Anthony Burgess when he wrote a book called A Clockwork Orange. The book is about a teenager called Alex. Alex speaks Nadsat in the book. Stanley Kubrick turned the book into a film, also called A Clockwork Orange. The name of the slang language Nadsat comes from Russian. So do many words in the ...

The Nadsat Language: Decoding the Slang of A Clockwork …

May 21, 2023 · Nadsat is the fictional slang language spoken by the teenagers in A Clockwork Orange. It was invented by the author, Anthony Burgess, as a way to give the story a futuristic, yet familiar feel. Nadsat is a blend of English, Russian, and various other languages, as well as a touch of Cockney rhyming slang and Gypsy talk.

nadsat - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Aug 31, 2023 · Alternative letter-case form of Nadsat. Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange, narrated by its teenage punk of a protagonist in an argot called , which is composed (a psychologist in the book explains) of "odd bits of rhyming slang. A bit of gypsy talk, too. But most of its roots are Slav."