national monument of scotland

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      The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be "A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland".
      The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill, just to the east of Princes Street. It was designed during 1823–6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair and is modeled upon the Parthenon in Athens. Construction started in 1826 and, due to the lack of funds, was left unfinished in 1829. This circumstance gave rise to various nicknames such as "Scotland's Folly", "Edinburgh's Disgrace", "the Pride and Poverty of Scotland" and "Edinburgh's Folly".


      Proposals


      As early as 1816, the Highland Society of Scotland called for the construction of a national monument to commemorate the fallen in the Napoleonic Wars. Initially The Mound was considered as a site, but was rejected in favour of Calton Hill.

      In January 1822, a proposal was put forward to 'erect a facsimile of the Parthenon' at a cost of some £42,000. The appeal found support amongst many prominent Edinburgh residents such as Sir Walter Scott, Henry, Lord Cockburn and Francis, Lord Jeffrey. The leading man behind the campaign to model the new monument specifically on the Athenian Parthenon was Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, who had controversially removed many of the temple's sculptures (now known as the Elgin Marbles) a decade earlier and brought them to Britain. In July 1822 the Royal Association of Contributors to the National Monument of Scotland was incorporated by an act of Parliament, the National Monument in Scotland Act 1822 (3 Geo. 4. c. 100). The foundation stone was laid, amid great pomp and ceremony, the following month.

      Sixteen months after the initial appeal, only £16,000 had been found with the possibility of a £10,000 grant from Parliament. In 1826, the building was finally commissioned and work began. The builder contracted to execute the work was Messrs William Wallace & Son.
      Originally, the building was planned to have extensive catacombs in the area supporting the main structure, to provide a burial place for significant figures, intended as a "Scottish Valhalla". A minute of the Royal Association in 1826 stated that the building was:

      to adopt the Temple of Minerva or Parthenon of Athens, as the model of the Monument, and to restore to the civilised world that celebrated and justly admired edifice, without any deviation whatever, excepting the adaptation of the sculpture to the events and achievements of the Scottish Heroes, whose prowess and glory it is destined to commemorate and perpetuate, and part of which monument or building must, in terms of the said Act, be appropriated as a church or place of Divine worship, to be maintained in all time coming by the said Association


      = Laying of the foundation stone

      =
      The foundation stone, which weighs 6 tons, was laid on 27 August 1822, during the visit of George IV to Scotland.
      The Duke of Hamilton (the most senior non-royal Scottish noble and the Grand Master of Scotland) led a procession of masonic lodges, royal commissioners and other dignitaries from Parliament Square to the top of Calton Hill. The procession was escorted by the Scots Greys and the 3rd Dragoons.
      The deposition of the inscription plates in the stone was accompanied by cannon salutes from Edinburgh Castle, Salisbury Crags, Leith Fort and the royal squadron on Leith Roads.


      Ideas for completion


      Early proposals for completion work tended to focus on following the original plans; however, during the early 20th century several alternative plans were proposed:

      as a monument to Queen Victoria (1901)
      as a monument commemorating the 1707 Act of Union with England (1907)
      as a new Scottish National Gallery (1907)
      as a Scottish Parliament building (1908)
      as a memorial to those who fell in the Great War (1918, George Washington Browne)
      Subsequent attempts to 'complete' the National Monument have never borne fruit for reasons of either cost or lack of local enthusiasm. A proposal in 2004 met with a mixed reception.
      The monument was repaired in December 2008, repositioning one of the stone lintels that had moved out of alignment. The cost was £100,262.


      Protection


      The National Monument was classified as a Category A Listed building in 1966. It is not a scheduled monument.


      References




      Further reading


      Linning, Michael (1819). Report of the proceedings of a numerous and respectable meeting ... with a view to the erection of a national monument ... J. Ballantyne. p. 39.


      External links


      Archiseek - National Monument
      Edinburgh Architecture - National Monument
      'A Building from which Derived "All that is Good". Observation on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill' by Marc Fehlmann in the online art magazine Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide

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    national monument of scotland

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    National Monument of Scotland - Wikipedia

    The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was intended, according to the inscription, to be "A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland".

    National Monument of Scotland - Historic UK

    Most famously called by its resident architect the ‘pride and poverty of us Scots’, the National Monument of Scotland is one of the iconic landmarks of Edinburgh. History has attached many other labels to the ruinesque Parthenon of Calton Hill such as “folly” or “disgrace”, proclaiming it a Scottish failure at besting classical Athens.

    Национальный монумент Шотландии — Википедия

    National Monument of Scotland) — мемориальное сооружение на вершине Колтон-Хилл в Эдинбурге (Шотландия), посвящённое памяти шотландских солдат и моряков, погибших в наполеоновских войнах [1] [2].

    The National Monument - Edinburgh World Heritage

    Inspired by the Parthenon in Athens, this grandiose monument was intended to be a replica, but financial constraints left it incomplete. Despite its unfinished state, the National Monument remains a powerful symbol of Scotland's dedication to honor the sacrifices of its soldiers.

    Calton Hill and National Monument - VisitScotland

    Calton Hill and the National Monument are situated in Central Edinburgh, east of Edinburgh's New Town. Marked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Calton Hill has some of the city's best views and if you get up early, the best sunrises.

    Visiting the National Monument of Scotland, Edinburgh - A …

    The National Monument of Scotland, perched on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, stands as an iconic yet unfinished tribute to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who perished during the Napoleonic Wars.

    National Monument - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (2025) - Tripadvisor

    The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to commemorate the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill.

    National Monument of Scotland | EdinburghGuide.com

    The National Monument of Scotland Calton Hill is the most iconic of the cluster of historic buildings atop Calton Hill. This central Edinburgh location is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike and if you are feeling intrepid you can clamber up on to …

    National Monument of Scotland facts for kids - Kids encyclopedia

    The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be "A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland".

    National Monument of Scotland travel guide | Guide to Europe

    Discover National Monument of Scotland with our comprehensive travel guide. Learn all you need to know before visiting this monument and must-see attraction in Edinburgh, Scotland.