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The nottuswaram (nōṭṭusvarams, from "note" + "swaras") are a set of 39 compositions in Carnatic music by Muthuswami Dikshitar (18th c.), who is celebrated as one among the Trinity of Carnatic music. A few other nottusvarams were added later by his disciples which adhere to the original idea and intent. Nottusvarams are notable as an interaction between the East and the West during the East India company rule in Madras Chennai, being based on Western sources, mostly simple melodies inspired by Scottish and Irish tunes. They are all composed with Sanskrit lyrics in the Western C major scale, whose pitch intervals correspond to that of the Shankarabharana raga scale in Carnatic music, or the Bilaval that of Hindustani music. Technically, the compositions are not in Shankarabharana proper, being based on simple melodies and devoid of the ornamentation (gamaka) that is characteristic of Carnatic music. On the other hand, the lyrics (sahitya) of these compositions are entirely Indian and consistent with the rest of the stotra-literature, or other songs addressed to similar deities.
Sometimes the name "nottuswaram" is used to refer to other compositions based on Western notes, not necessarily by Muthuswami Dikshitar.




Violin


According to one popular account, the violin was introduced into Carnatic music by Baluswami Dikshitar (1786–1858), the younger brother of Muthuswami Dikshitar. He encountered the instrument being played by British bands in colonial Madras Chennai, and decided to learn it. The music was mostly Irish and Scottish fiddling, rather than Western classical music. After three years of lessons, he adapted the violin to Carnatic music. It is believed that Muthuswami Dikshitar composed these lyrics to aid his brother master the plain notes on the violin.




Publication history


They were first documented in print by C. P. Brown in 1833. In 1893, Manali Chinnaswamy Mudaliar published them with European notation, and in 1905, they were compiled by Subbarama Dikshitar as 'Prathamaabhyaasa pustakamu' in Telugu. In recent years, Kanniks Kannikeswaran has researched these compositions further, found the sources of a few compositions, and given several lectures.




Examples


The European songs used as basis include "Limerick", "Castilian Maid", "Lord MacDonald's Reel", "Voulez-vous Danser?", and "God Save the King".




Notes






References


M R Shankaramurthy (1990), The European Airs of Muthuswamy Dikshitar, Bangalore: Guruguha Gana Nilaya
Weidman, Amanda (2009), "Listening to the violin in South Indian classical music", in Richard K. Wolf (ed.), Theorizing the local: music, practice, and experience in South Asia and beyond, Oxford University Press US, pp. 49–64, ISBN 978-0-19-533138-7
Amanda J. Weidman (2006), Singing the classical, voicing the modern: the postcolonial politics of music in South India, Duke University Press, p. 32, ISBN 978-0-8223-3620-4




External links


Muthuswamy Dikshitar - nottu svara sahityas: The (Sanskrit) lyrics of all compositions
Dikshitar and western music
Vismaya – An Indo Celtic Musical Journey, recordings of the Sanskrit lyrics with Western music
British Raj and Indian Classical Music: other examples of interaction

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Nottuswara
• Trinity of Carnatic music
• Garudadhvani

Nottuswara GIF - Nottuswara - Discover & Share GIFs

Nottuswara | eAmbalam

Youngest to sing nottuswara with both swaram and sahityam - India Book ...

Colonial Interlude - The Nottuswara Sahityas of Muthuswami Dikshitar ...

Calendar of Events - Cincinnati Art Museum

Furuya, Usamaru / No Longer Human: Complete Edition / Osamu Dazai ...

Introduction on Nottuswarams - YouTube

Santatam Pahi Mam - YouTube

Paradevate Nottuswara - YouTube

English Note - NotuSwara - YouTube

NOTTUSWARA 23 VAGDEVI - YouTube

Kamalasana Vandita Nottuswara - YouTube

nottuswara

Daftar Isi

• S V A R A SA¯ T - The Public's Library and Digital Archive
• Nottuswaras: A classic cultural exchange – Indian Mythology
• Nottuswara Sahityas of Dikshitar
• NOTTU SWARAS by MUTHUSWAMY DIKSHITAR
• Exploring Nottuswarams | Muthuswamy Deekshithar - YouTube
• Varashiva Balam - Carnatic-Circle
• Nottuswara Sahithya – A Great Way To Start Learning Carnatic …
• NottuSwara – Muthuswamy Dikshitar’s European airs
• Song: shakti sahita gaNapatim (nOTTUswara) - karnATik

S V A R A SA¯ T - The Public's Library and Digital Archive

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Nottuswaras: A classic cultural exchange – Indian Mythology

Mar 29, 2020 · Several of the nottuswaras are replicas of western tunes popular at Dikshitar’s time but have Sanskrit or Telugu lyrics.

Nottuswara Sahityas of Dikshitar

The first ever recording of the complete set of 39 Nottuswara Sahityas of Muthuswamy Dikshitar recorded with Indian voices and period instruments.

NOTTU SWARAS by MUTHUSWAMY DIKSHITAR

Muthuswami Dikshitar (1775-1834 A.D.) is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the South Indian classical (Carnatic) music system. The nottuswara sahityas are thus a body of …

Exploring Nottuswarams | Muthuswamy Deekshithar - YouTube

Oct 5, 2019 · On the occasion of Navarathri, Trayi happily presents a medley of six 'Nottuswarams' on Goddess Devi, featuring eight young talents.The nottuswara or nottu …

Varashiva Balam - Carnatic-Circle

Varashiva Balam is a Nottuswara (Notes Swaram) song composed by Muthuswamy Dikshitar in Shankarabharanam Raagam with Adi Talam. varashiva bAlam valli lOlam vandE nandam. hariharamOdam hamsAnandam …

Nottuswara Sahithya – A Great Way To Start Learning Carnatic …

Dec 10, 2015 · Nottuswara sahithyas are the best way to introduce carnatic music to kids. Why is it called Nottu swara? Well, it stands for Notes Swara, i.e. ‘Western notes’ swara. They are …

NottuSwara – Muthuswamy Dikshitar’s European airs

Sep 4, 2010 · So as we saw, the Celtic tunes were to affect Dikshitar prodding him to create a new genre called Nottuswara – ‘Notes Swara’ (nottu being the Tamil slang for notes) based on these British tunes but set to Sanskrit …

Song: shakti sahita gaNapatim (nOTTUswara) - karnATik

Oct 29, 2005 · Lyrics to South Indian carnatic songs and bhajans by various composers in a variety of languages.