Artikel: Nuclear matrix GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi

    • Source: Nuclear matrix

      • In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus after a specific method of chemical extraction. According to some it is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton. In contrast to the cytoskeleton, however, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a dynamic structure. Along with the nuclear lamina, it supposedly aids in organizing the genetic information within the cell.
      The exact function of this structure is still disputed, and its very existence has been called into question. Evidence for such a structure was recognised as long ago as 1948, and consequently many proteins associated with the matrix have been discovered. The presence of intra-cellular proteins is common ground, and it is agreed that proteins such as the Scaffold, or Matrix Associated Proteins (SAR or MAR) have some role in the organisation of chromatin in the living cell. There is evidence that the nuclear matrix is involved in regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
      Whenever a similar structure can actually be found in living cells remains a topic of discussion. According to some sources, most, if not all proteins found in nuclear matrix are the aggregates of proteins of structures that can be found in the nucleus of living cells. Such structures are nuclear lamina, which consist of proteins termed lamins which can be also found in the nuclear matrix.


      Validity of nuclear matrix


      For a long time the question whether a polymer meshwork, a “nuclear matrix” or “nuclear-scaffold” or "NuMat" is an essential component of the in vivo nuclear architecture has remained a matter of debate. While there are arguments that the relative position of chromosome territories (CTs), the equivalent of condensed metaphase chromosomes at interphase, may be maintained due to steric hindrance or electrostatic repulsion forces between the apparently highly structured CT surfaces, this concept has to be reconciled with observations according to which cells treated with the classical matrix-extraction procedures maintain defined territories up to the point where a minor subset of acidic nuclear matrix proteins is released – very likely those proteins that governed their association with the nuclear skeleton. The nuclear matrix proteome consists of structural proteins, chaperones, DNA/RNA-binding proteins, chromatin remodeling and transcription factors. The complexity of NuMat is an indicator of diverse structural and functional significance of its proteins.


      Scaffold/Matrix attachment regions (S/MARs)


      S/MARs (scaffold/matrix attachment regions), the DNA regions that are known to attach genomic DNA to variety of nuclear proteins, show an ever increasing spectrum of established biological activities. There is a known overlap of this large group of sequences with sequences termed LADs (lamina attachment domains).
      S/MARs find increasing use for the rational design of vectors with widespread use in gene therapy and biotechnology. Nowadays S/MAR functions can be modulated, improved and custom-tailored to the specific needs of novel vector systems.


      Nuclear matrix and cancer


      The nuclear matrix composition on human cells has been proven to be cell type and tumor specific. It has been clearly demonstrated that the nuclear matrix composition in a tumor is different from its normal counterparts. This fact could be useful to characterize cancer markers and to predict the disease even earlier. These markers have been found in urine and blood and could potentially be used in early detection and prognosis of human cancers.


      See also


      Minicircle – Small, circular replicating units of DNA


      References




      Further reading

    Kata Kunci Pencarian:

    nuclear matrixnuclear matrix proteinnuclear matrix protein 22nuclear matrix elementsnuclear matrix is known asnuclear matrix and laminanuclear matrix functionnuclear matrix is also known asnuclear matrix containsnuclear matrix definitionSearch Results

    Artikel Terkait "nuclear matrix"

    Nuclear matrix - Wikipedia

    In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus after a specific method of chemical extraction. According to some it is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton .

    Nuclear matrix - structure, function and pathogenesis

    20 Des 2016 · The nuclear matrix (NM), or nuclear skeleton, is the non-chromatin, ribonucleoproteinaceous framework that is resistant to high ionic strength buffers, nonionic detergents, and nucleolytic enzymes.

    Nuclear matrix - Definition and Examples - Biology Online

    01 Mar 2021 · The nuclear matrix is the network of fibers in the nucleus as cytoskeleton is to the cell although nuclear matrix is more dynamic. Thus, similar to cytoskeleton, the nuclear matrix largely provides mechanical support.

    Nuclear Matrix - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    The nuclear matrix is the salt-extracted structure of the nucleus and consists of approximately 10% of the nuclear proteins and is virtually devoid of lipids, DNA, and histones. The nuclear matrix also plays a central role in RNA processing. Newly synthesized heteronuclear RNA and small nuclear RNA are enriched on the nuclear matrix.

    Biochemical Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Nuclear Matrix …

    Nuclear matrix (NuMat) is the fraction of the eukaryotic nucleus insoluble to detergents and high-salt extractions that manifests as a pan-nuclear fiber-granule network. NuMat consists of ribonucleoprotein complexes, members of crucial nuclear …

    Nuclear Matrix - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    The nuclear matrix may be defined as a residual nuclear scaffolding system with dynamic properties that provides functional organization for the DNA. The nuclear matrix may provide a direct passageway from the interior of the nucleus to the pore complexes.

    The Nuclear Matrix: Structure, Function and DNA Replication

    01 Jan 1992 · In this model, the in situ matrix is presented as the major structural region in the nucleus, where nuclear function occurs. Nuclear matrix has been related to the nuclear functions of replication, transcription, and RNA processing and transport to the cytoplasm.

    The nuclear matrix: Structure and composition

    In this review the term nuclear matrix is defined as the biochemical entity that can be isolated after sequential extraction of cells with non-ionic detergents, nucleases and high-salt buffers (Shaper et al. 1979).

    The Nuclear Matrix: Fractionation Techniques and Analysis

    Here we introduce multiple methods for the study of the nuclear matrix. Descriptions of a protein fraction that is resistant to extraction under high salt conditions were first made in 1942 (reviewed in Pederson 1998).

    The nuclear matrix: Three-dimensional architecture and protein ...

    The matrix is bounded by an outer nuclear lamina connected to the cytoskeletal framework, as well as the inner filaments. The filaments range in diameter from 3 to 22 nm, and are organized in a three-dimensional anastomosing network in which nucleoli are enmeshed.