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      Olympias is a reconstruction of an ancient Athenian trireme and an important example of experimental archaeology. It is also a commissioned ship in the Hellenic Navy of Greece, the only commissioned vessel of its kind in any of the world's navies.


      History


      Olympias was constructed from 1985 to 1987 by a shipbuilder in Piraeus. She was built to drawings by the naval architect John Coates which he developed through long discussions with the historian John Morrison following the longest correspondence on any subject in The Times in the early 1980s. The work was also advised by the classics teacher Charles Willink and drew on evidence gained from Greek literature, history of art and archaeology above and below water. Finance came from the Hellenic Navy and donors such as Frank Welsh (a banker, writer and trireme enthusiast). Morrison, Coates and Willink founded the Trireme Trust together with Welsh. The Trireme Trust was chaired by Professor Boris Rankov; it was wound up in 2018 and its documents archived at Wolfson College, Cambridge.
      The bronze bow ram weighs 200 kg. It is a copy of an original ram now in the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. The ship was built from Douglas fir with tenons of Virginia oak. The keel is of iroko hardwood.
      The important hypozomata (bracing ropes) had to be replaced by a steel rope because no natural fibre or synthetic fibre ropes with about the same elastic modulus as hemp could be obtained for economic reasons. The steel cables' tension varied as the hull bent on the waves, rather than exerting constant tension like a natural fibre rope. This caused the alarming possibility of the rope breaking and endangering the crew, so protective measures had to be taken.
      She underwent sea trials in 1987, 1990, 1992 and 1994, but one of the most informative was a 1987 exercise crewed by 170 volunteer oarsmen and oarswomen. Olympias achieved a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h) and was able to perform 180 degree turns within one minute, in an arc no wider than two and a half (2.5) ship-lengths. These results, achieved with an inexperienced, mixed crew, suggest that ancient historians like Thucydides were not exaggerating about the capabilities of triremes.
      Olympias was transported to Britain in 1993, to take part in events celebrating the 2,500 years since the beginning of democracy. In 2004 she was used to transport the Olympic Flame ceremonially from the port of Keratsini to the main port of Piraeus, as the Olympic torch relay approached Athens for the 2004 Summer Olympics.
      Olympias is now an exhibit in a dry dock at the Naval Tradition Park in Palaio Faliro, Athens.
      In the years 2016 to 2018, a number of trips in the Saronic Gulf were organized, with amateur rowers and passengers.


      Technology


      The trireme was a fast attack, light displacement vessel. In order to sustain the bending moments of her considerable length, a tightened rope (hypozomata) was mounted beneath the deck spanning from bow to stern. This was an ingenious way to increase rigidity of the hull. Today in modern construction it is called pre-tensioning. After every trip the triremes were pulled ashore in special slides and the hypozomata was re-tightened.
      The trireme hulls were constructed from planks with closely spaced and pegged mortise and tenon joints. When these are fitted carefully the hull can carry shear stresses well and stay watertight.
      It was estimated that her ramming speed should have been in excess of 16 knots (30 km/h), something the present reconstruction could not achieve, possibly because it was overweight.



















      Crew


      A trireme of the classical period would have had a crew of 200, including five officers. This would be made up of:

      trierarchos (τριήραρχος "commander of trireme") — the commanding officer, responsible for supporting the ship
      kybernetes (κυβερνήτης: κυβερνάω "steer") — executive officer, responsible for the cruising safety
      keleustes (κελευστής: κελεύω "command") — responsible for the training and morale of the crew
      pentekontarchos (πεντηκόνταρχος "commander of fifty") — administration officer
      prorates (πρῳράτης: πρῷρα "prow") — bow officer, responsible for keeping a sharp lookout
      1 auletes (αὐλητής: αὐλός "flute") — a musician supplying the oar timing with his flute
      170 eretai (ἐρέται, oarsmen) in three banks
      62 thranitai (θρανῖται, singular θρανίτης: θρᾶνος "bench") — the upper bank
      54 zygitai (ζυγῖται, singular ζυγίτης: ζυγός "yoke", "rowing-bench") — the middle bank
      54 thalamitai (θαλαμῖται, singular θαλαμίτης: θάλαμος "inner chamber") — lower bank
      10 sailors for handling the sails
      14 epibatai (ἐπιβάται, marines, literally "passengers") - 10 spearmen and 4 archers


      See also


      Havhingsten fra Glendalough, a modern reconstruction of a Viking longship.
      Ivlia, а modern reconstruction of ancient Greek bireme.


      References




      External links



      Relevant Page from Hellenic Navy
      Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia
      The Trireme Trust
      Trireme Olympias underway (YouTube)

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    The Trireme Trust

    The Trireme Trust

    Reconstruction of the Olympias, an Ancient Greek Trireme - Owlcation

    Reconstruction of the Olympias, an Ancient Greek Trireme - Owlcation

    Reconstruction of the Olympias, an Ancient Greek Trireme - Owlcation

    Reconstruction of the Olympias, an Ancient Greek Trireme - Owlcation

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Trireme "Olympias" - Palaio Faliro

    Rowing trireme Olympias Stock Photo - Alamy

    Rowing trireme Olympias Stock Photo - Alamy

    Olympias (Trireme) Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images

    Olympias (Trireme) Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

    Ancient trireme Olympias underway Stock Photo - Alamy

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    Olympias (trireme) - Wikipedia

    Olympias is a reconstruction of an ancient Athenian trireme and an important example of experimental archaeology. It is also a commissioned ship in the Hellenic Navy of Greece, the only commissioned vessel of its kind in any of the world's navies.

    Olympias - MuseumShips

    Olympias is a reconstruction of an ancient Athenian trireme and an important example of experimental archaeology. It is also a commissioned ship in the Hellenic Navy of Greece, the only commissioned vessel of its kind in any of the world's navies.

    Reconstruction of the Olympias, an Ancient Greek Trireme

    Throughout the fifth century, fast-moving triremes served as chariots of the sea, outmaneuvering the Persians' heavier warships, ramming and sinking supply ships and troop convoys, and providing swift military aid to besieged islands.

    Trireme - Wikipedia

    A trireme (/ ˈtraɪriːm / TRY-reem; from Latin trirēmis [1] 'with three banks of oars'; cf. Ancient Greek: τριήρης, romanized: triḗrēs[2], lit. 'three-rower') was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans. [3][4]

    Olympias: The birth of a 2,500 years old ancient Greek trireme

    Nov 27, 2020 · The HS Olympias is an astonishing reconstruction of a trireme, an ancient type of galley commonly used by the maritime civilisations of the Mediterranean. This reconstructed trireme, built in 1987 by a shipbuilder in Piraeus, is one of a kind.

    Olympias: The birth of a 2,500 years old ancient Greek trireme

    Olympias is a reconstruction of an ancient Athenian trireme and an important example of experimental archaeology. It is also a commissioned ship in the Hellenic Navy of Greece, the only commissioned vessel of its kind in any of the world’s navies.

    Sailing Through Time: The Remarkable Revival of the Trireme Olympias ...

    One of the most remarkable examples of experimental archaeology is Olympias, a reconstruction of an ancient Athenian trireme that was built and launched in the late 1980s. The builders of Olympias used sources such as this relief of a Rhodian trireme cut into the rock at the foot of the Lindos acropolis.

    Bringing the Ancient Athenian Trireme Back to Life - The Vintage …

    Feb 14, 2019 · Trireme Olympias: conjectural reconstruction after the work of J.S. Morrison, J.S. Coates and F. Welsh. Now at the Paleon Faliron Museum of ancient marinery.

    - Visit Plaka experiences athens plaka attica daily trips

    May 19, 2022 · Olympias is a trireme constructed during 1985-1987, according to the research of historian J.S. Morrison and naval architect J.F. Coates, funded by Greek Navy. It is annually accessible to the public during the “Sea Days” festival, organised by the municipality of Piraeus.

    Construction of the Trireme by the HN - Floating Naval Museum ...

    During the 1980s, the Hellenic Navy decided to build the Athenian Trireme which began on May 5, 1985 at shipyard of D. Tzakakos in Keratsini by Greek ship carpenters and ended in June 1987. On August 26, 1987 she was baptized “OLYMPIAS”.