onium

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      An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "true muonium" to avoid confusion with old nomenclature.


      Examples


      Positronium is an onium which consists of an electron and a positron bound together as a long-lived metastable state. Positronium has been studied since the 1950s to understand bound states in quantum field theory. A recent development called non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) used this system as a proving ground.
      Pionium, a bound state of two oppositely-charged pions, is interesting for exploring the strong interaction. This should also be true of protonium. The true analogs of positronium in the theory of strong interactions are the quarkonium states: they are mesons made of a heavy quark and antiquark (namely, charmonium and bottomonium). Exploration of these states through non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) and lattice QCD are increasingly important tests of quantum chromodynamics.
      Understanding bound states of hadrons such as pionium and protonium is also important in order to clarify notions related to exotic hadrons such as mesonic molecules and pentaquark states.


      See also



      Exotic atom
      Exciton — solid-state analog of positronium


      Footnotes




      References

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: onium

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    Onium - Wikipedia

    An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. [1] These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for " muonium "; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called " true muonium " to avoid confusion with ...

    Onium ion - Wikipedia

    In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH + 4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH 3. [1] [2]

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    Onium Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of ONIUM is being or characterized by a usually complex cation. How to use onium in a sentence.

    onium - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

    Nov 22, 2024 · onium (plural oniums) any cation derived by the addition of a proton to the hydride of any element of the nitrogen, chalcogen or halogen families any organic derivative of these compounds

    Carbonylonium ions: the onium ions of the carbonyl group - PMC

    A straightforward name would be derived from “carbonyl” plus one of the two suffixes used for naming positively-charged molecular entities: “ium” or “onium”. Because “carbonylium ion” is already used for naming some of intermediates 5 [ 38 ], we therefore propose the new term “carbonylonium ion”.

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    鎓离子 - 百度百科

    鎓化合物（英语：Onium Compound），是由 氮族元素 （第Ⅴ族／ 第ⅤA族／15族）、 氧族元素 （第Ⅵ族 ／第Ⅵ A族／16族）、 卤素 （第Ⅶ族／第ⅦA族／17族）的单核氢化物被质子化得到的 阳离子，以及一些用其他基团（例如：有机 自由基 、卤素原子、四甲基铵）取代 氢原子 形成的衍生阳离子；更复杂的衍生物含有多个 中心原子，例如 亚胺离子 和锖𬭩离子。 （IUPAC 的定 …

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