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Organoid adalah versi miniatur sederhana dari sebuah organ, yang diproduksi di laboratorium dan memiliki bentuk tiga dimensi dan anatomi yang mirip organ sungguhan. Organoid dibuat dari satu atau sejumlah sel dari suatu jaringan, dari sel punca embrionik atau dari sel induk pluripoten diinduksi (iPS), yang dapat dengan spontan membentuk susunan tiga dimensi karena kapasitas sel-sel tersebut membelah diri serta melakukan diferensiasi. Teknologi penumbuhan organoid telah mengalami banyak kemajuan sejak awal 2010an dan disebut majalah The Scientist sebagai salah satu kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan terbesar pada tahun 2013. Organoid digunakan para ilmuwan untuk meneliti penyakit dan pengobatannya di laboratorium.




Jenis-jenis organoid


Banyak struktur organ telah berhasil diminaturkan menjadi organoid.




= Organoid otak

=
Organoid otak adalah organoid yang menyerupai otak yang ditumbuhkan di laboratorium. Organoid otak dibuat dengan menggunakan sel punca pluripoten manusia dalam sebuah bioreaktor rotasional tiga dimensi dan tumbuh dalam beberapa bulan.




= Organoid saluran pencernaan

=
Dalam saluran pencernaan, organoid yang telah dibuat di antaranya organoid usus yang dibuat langsung dari sel punca pluripoten, serta organoid lambung.




= Organoid lidah

=
Organoid lidah telah dibuat menggunakan protein sel punca epitelium yang mengekspresikan BMI1 dalam kultur tiga dimensi melalui manipulasi EGF, WNT, and TGF-β. Kultur rganoid ini tidak memiliki sel reseptor rasa, karena sel tersebut tidak berasal dari sel punca epitelium yang mengekspresikan BMI1. Namun, organoid lidah dengan indra pengecap telah dibuat dengan menggunakan sel punca LGR5+ atau CD44+.




= Lainnya

=
Organoid kelenjar tiroid
Organoid timus
Organoid hati
Organoid pankreas
Organoid epitelium
Organoid paru-paru
Organoid ginjal
Gastruloid (Organoid embrionik)
Organoid jantung - Pada 2018 sebuah organoid jantung dapat berdetak dan merespons stimulus dengan berdetak lebih cepat atau lambat
Organoid retina




Referensi

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On-demand

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Daftar Isi

• Organoid - Wikipedia
• Organoids - Nature Reviews Methods Primers
• Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine
• Organoids: A new window into disease, development and ...
• What Is an Organoid? - ScienceAlert
• Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications
• Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications
• Organoids: development and applications in disease models ...

Organoid - Wikipedia

An organoid is a miniaturised and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that mimics the key functional, structural, and biological complexity of that organ. [1] It is derived from one or a few cells from a tissue , embryonic stem cells , or induced pluripotent stem cells , which can self-organize in three ...

Organoids - Nature Reviews Methods Primers

Dec 1, 2022 · Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue.

Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine

Jul 7, 2020 · Human organoids have been used to study infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers through the genetic engineering of human stem cells, as well as directly when organoids are generated...

Organoids: A new window into disease, development and ...

Nov 7, 2017 · Organoids are tiny, self-organized three-dimensional tissue cultures that are derived from stem cells. Such cultures can be crafted to replicate much of the complexity of an organ, or to express selected aspects of it like producing only certain types of cells.

What Is an Organoid? - ScienceAlert

Organoids are small, simplified, 3D copies of organs created outside of a living body, usually grown by treating combinations of tissues or stem cells with the nutrients and chemical signals (growth factors) that encourage them to differentiate and self-organize.

Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications

May 24, 2022 · Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from healthy...

Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications

Organoids are three‐dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self‐organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts.

Organoids: development and applications in disease models ...

Organoids are miniature, highly accurate representations of organs that capture the structure and unique functions of specific organs.