74 min
- Model OSI
- Protokol Kontrol Transmisi
- Protokol (komputer)
- Paket jaringan
- Jaringan komputer
- Model DARPA
- Paket protokol internet
- Relai bingkai
- Sambungan paket
- Serangan kegagalan layanan
- OSI protocols
- OSI model
- List of network protocols (OSI model)
- Application layer
- Transport layer
- Protocol Wars
- Data link layer
- Internet protocol suite
- Network layer
- Service Access Point
- OSI Model Reference Chart - Cisco Learning Network
- OSI Model Vs TCP/IP Model - Cisco Learning Network
- CCNA - Study Notes 1 - OSI - TCP/IP Models / Devices / …
- osi and tcp/ip model - Cisco Learning Network
- Protocols on Specific layer of TCP/IP stack... - Cisco Learning …
- Port numbers? Do they "belong" to the session layer or the …
- In which layer of OSI do we find DNS,ARP & RARP protocols?
- OSI Model Reference Sheet - Cisco Learning Network
- Routing Protocol EIGRP and OSPF - Cisco Learning Network
- arp works on layer 2 or layer 3? - Cisco Learning Network
OSI protocols GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
The Open Systems Interconnection protocols are a family of information exchange standards developed jointly by the ISO and the ITU-T. The standardization process began in 1977.
While the seven-layer OSI model is often used as a reference for teaching and documentation, the protocols originally conceived for the model did not gain popularity, and only X.400, X.500, and IS-IS have achieved lasting impact. The goal of an open-standard protocol suite instead has been met by the Internet protocol suite, maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Overview
The OSI protocol stack is structured into seven conceptual layers. The layers form a hierarchy of functionality starting with the physical hardware components to the user interfaces at the software application level. Each layer receives information from the layer above, processes it and passes it down to the next layer. Each layer adds encapsulation information (header) to the incoming information before it is passed to the lower layer. Headers generally include address of source and destination, error control information, protocol identification and protocol parameters such as flow control options and sequence numbers.
Layer 1: physical layer
This layer deals with the physical plugs, sockets, electrical/optical specifications and the required line codes.
The physical layer includes the medium over which the digital signals are transmitted. It can be twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber, wireless, or other transmission media.
Layer 2: data link layer
The data link layer packages raw bits from the physical layer into frames (logical, structured packets for data). It is specified in ITU-T Rec. X.212 [ISO/IEC 8886], ITU-T Rec. X.222 and others. This layer is responsible for transferring frames from one host to another. It might perform error checking. This layer further consists of two sublayers: MAC and LLC.
Layer 3: network layer
Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) – ITU-T Rec. X.213 [ISO/IEC 8348]. SCCP is based on X.213.
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) – ITU-T Rec. X.233 [ISO/IEC 8473-1].
Connection-Oriented Network Service (CONS) – ITU-T Rec. X.213 [ISO/IEC 8348].
Connection-Oriented Network Protocol (X.25) – ITU-T Rec. X.233 [ISO/IEC 8878]. This is the use of the X.25 protocol to provide the CONS.
Network Fast Byte Protocol – ISO/IEC 14700
End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol (ES-IS) - ISO/IEC 9452 (reprinted in RFC 995).
Intermediate System to Intermediate System Intra-domain Routing Protocol (IS-IS) - ISO/IEC 10589 (reprinted in RFC 1142), later adapted for the TCP/IP model.
End System Routing Information Exchange Protocol for use with ISO/IEC 8878 (SNARE) – ITU-T Rec. X.116 [ISO/IEC 10030].
This level is in charge of transferring data between systems in a network, using network-layer addresses of machines to keep track of destinations and sources. This layer uses routers and switches to manage its traffic (control flow control, error check, routing etc.)
So here it takes all routing decisions, it deals with end to end data transmission.
Layer 4: transport layer
The connection-mode and connectionless-mode transport services are specified by ITU-T Rec. X.214 [ISO/IEC 8072]; the protocol that provides the connection-mode service is specified by ITU-T Rec. X.224 [ISO/IEC 8073], and the protocol that provides the connectionless-mode service is specified by ITU-T Rec. X.234 [ISO/IEC 8602].
Transport Protocol Class 0 (TP0)
Transport Protocol Class 1 (TP1)
Transport Protocol Class 2 (TP2)
Transport Protocol Class 3 (TP3)
Transport Protocol Class 4 (TP4)
Transport Fast Byte Protocol – ISO 14699
The transport layer transfers data between source and destination processes. Generally, two connection modes are recognized, connection-oriented or connectionless. Connection-oriented service establishes a dedicated virtual circuit and offers various grades of guaranteed delivery, ensuring that data received is identical to data transmitted. Connectionless mode provides only best-effort service without the built-in ability to correct errors, which includes complete loss of data without notifying the data source of the failure. No logical connection, and no persistent state of the transaction exists between the endpoints, lending the connectionless mode low overhead and potentially better real-time performance for timing-critical applications such as voice and video transmissions.
Layer 5: session layer
Session service – ITU-T Rec. X.215 [ISO/IEC 8326]
Connection-oriented Session protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.225 [ISO/IEC 8327-1]
Connectionless Session protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.235 [ISO/IEC 9548-1]
The session layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides for full-duplex, and half-duplex or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. The OSI model made this layer responsible for graceful close of sessions, which is a property of the Transmission Control Protocol, and also for session checkpointing and recovery, which is not usually used in the Internet Protocol Suite. The session layer is commonly implemented explicitly in application environments that use remote procedure calls.
Layer 6: presentation layer
Presentation service – ITU-T Rec. X.216 [ISO/IEC 8822]
Connection-oriented Presentation protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.226 [ISO/IEC 8823-1]
Connectionless Presentation protocol – ITU-T Rec. X.236 [ISO/IEC 9576-1]
This layer defines and encrypts/decrypts data types from the application layer. Protocols such as MIDI, MPEG, and GIF are presentation layer formats shared by different applications.
Layer 7: application layer
= Common-Application Service Elements (CASEs)
=Association Control Service Element (ACSE) – ITU-T Rec. X.217 [ISO/IEC 8649], ITU-T Rec. X.227 [ISO/IEC 8650-1], ITU-T Rec. X.237 [ISO/IEC 10035-1].
Reliable Transfer Service Element (RTSE) – ITU-T Rec. X.218 [ISO/IEC 9066-1], ITU-T Rec. X.228 [ISO/IEC 9066-2].
Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) – ITU-T Rec. X.219 [ISO/IEC 9072-1], ITU-T Rec. X.229 [ISO/IEC 9072-2]. TCAP is related to X.219.
Commitment, Concurrency, and Recovery service element (CCRSE)
Security Exchange Service Element (SESE)
This keeps track of how each application talks to another application. Destination and source addresses are linked to specific applications.
= Application processes
=Common management information protocol (CMIP) – ISO 9596 / X.700
Directory services (DS) – X.500, later modified for the TCP/IP stack as LDAP
File transfer, access, and management (FTAM)
Message handling system (MHS) – X.400
Virtual terminal protocol (VT) - ISO 9040/9041
Remote Database Access (RDA)
Distributed Transaction Processing (OSI TP)
Interlibrary Loan Application Protocol (ILAP)
Document Transfer And Manipulation (DTAM)
Document Printing Application (DPA)
Document Filing and Retrieval (DFR)
Routing protocols
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) – ISO 10589 (reprinted in RFC 1142)
End System to Intermediate System (ES-IS) – ISO 9542 (reprinted in RFC 995)
Interdomain Routing Protocol (IDRP) – ISO 10747
See also
Protocol stack
Protocol Wars
WAP protocol suite
References
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
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osi protocols
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OSI Model Reference Chart - Cisco Learning Network
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OSI Model Vs TCP/IP Model - Cisco Learning Network
OSI model is a reference model to indicate how the communication between the various devices takes place. While TCP/IP is not a model,it is a set of protocols that governs the flow of information across the networks..Conceptually it is based on the OSI model only that is why sometimes few people term it as TCP/IP model also.
CCNA - Study Notes 1 - OSI - TCP/IP Models / Devices / …
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osi and tcp/ip model - Cisco Learning Network
OSI is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a computing or telecommunication system irrespective of their underlying structure and technology being used. The goal of OSI model is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols.
Protocols on Specific layer of TCP/IP stack... - Cisco Learning …
With regard to routing protocols, think of them as control plane traffic. They are the control plane for the network layer, but they do not themselves necessarily belong in the network layer. Routing protocols are control plane, while the OSI model is more applicable, in my opinion, to data plane traffic. Just my opinion, of course.
Port numbers? Do they "belong" to the session layer or the …
The TCP/IP stack, and all of it's gazillion protocols is an open model as well, the protocols are well known, and it is easy to find information on any of these protocols on the internet. To really understand what actually happens, it is important to actually study the PROTOCOL in question, learn how it works, how it communicates with it's ...
In which layer of OSI do we find DNS,ARP & RARP protocols?
as per mine, DNS, ARP and RARP works at layer 3. what do you understanding by working of protocols ta layers? it means which top layer data (pdu) they are involved or need to access info. as DNS, ARP and RARP all are ip dependent protocol so simply they will work on layer 3 protocol. when we say layer 3 it means layer 2 and layer one also included becasue every layer is …
OSI Model Reference Sheet - Cisco Learning Network
OSI 모델 참조 차트 (OSI Model Reference Chart) Number of Views 719. OSI & TCPIP Model. Number of ...
Routing Protocol EIGRP and OSPF - Cisco Learning Network
I'll again say that OSI model is just a reference model, not every protocol/application needs to fit in perfectly. As Scott has said, the OSI model came into being in the early eighties and several protocols were already in use by that time & they conformed more or less with the TCP/IP model which was the reference model for those days.
arp works on layer 2 or layer 3? - Cisco Learning Network
For service protocols like ARP, RARP, routing protocols or even ICMP, the model is not too accurate. In my opinion, ICMP does perfectly fit in the OSI model. ICMP is a layer3 protocol: it uses Layer3 encapsulation, source and destination addresses are layer3 adresses and the packets are routed like any other layer3 packets.