outline of middle earth

      Outline of Middle-earth GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe. It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son Christopher Tolkien; and films, games and other media created by other people.
      Middle-earth – fantasy setting created by Tolkien, home to hobbits, orcs, ents, dragons, and many other races and creatures.


      Primary sources




      = Authors

      =
      J. R. R. Tolkien
      Christopher Tolkien


      = Published works

      =


      By J. R. R. Tolkien


      The Hobbit (1937)
      2nd Edition (1951) revised to align with The Lord of the Rings
      3rd Edition (1966) revised to assert copyright in US
      The Lord of the Rings
      The Fellowship of the Ring (1954)
      The Shadow of the Past
      The Council of Elrond
      The Two Towers (1954)
      The Return of the King (1955)
      The Scouring of the Shire - a "novelistic" chapter
      The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
      The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (1962)
      Revised edition (2014) with addition of original poems, sources and images, and commentary by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond
      The Road Goes Ever On (1967) – music by Donald Swann, penmanship by Tolkien. See also Audio recordings
      Revised edition (1978) – including a setting for Bilbo's Last Song
      Posthumously published
      Bilbo's Last Song (1974) – Dutch translation published 1973
      "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (1975) – also known as "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings"
      The Silmarillion (1977)
      Ainulindalë
      Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien (1979) – text by Christopher Tolkien. Most of these pictures had been previously published in calendars by Ballantine Books (1973) and George Allen & Unwin (1974, 1976–1979), some of them coloured by H. E. Riddett.
      Unfinished Tales (1980)
      J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator (1995) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
      The Art of The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien (2011) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
      The Art of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien (2015) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull


      Edited by Christopher Tolkien


      These works present extended selections of Tolkien's legendarium (the large body of documents relating to The Silmarillion), with extensive notes and posthumous editing by his son Christopher. The separate 4-volume body of his comments on the drafts of The Lord of the Rings is included as volumes 6–9.


      = The History of Middle-earth

      =
      Early legendarium
      1 The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
      2 The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
      3 The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
      4 The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
      5 The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
      The History of The Lord of the Rings
      6 [1] The Return of the Shadow (1988)
      7 [2] The Treason of Isengard (1989)
      8 [3] The War of the Ring (1990)
      9 [4] Sauron Defeated (1992)
      The later Silmarillion
      10 [1] Morgoth's Ring (1993)
      11 [2] The War of the Jewels (1994)
      Further details
      12 The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)


      = Other stories

      =
      The Tolkien Reader and Tales from the Perilous Realm both reprint The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
      Additional materials from the legendarium, with Christopher Tolkien's commentary.

      The Children of Húrin (2007)
      Beren and Lúthien (2017)
      The Fall of Gondolin (2018)


      Edited by other scholars


      The Annotated Hobbit (1988) – text of The Hobbit, with many related texts by Tolkien, edited and with commentary by Douglas A. Anderson (revised edition 2002)
      The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981) – selected, introduced and edited by Humphrey Carpenter
      The Nature of Middle-earth (2021) – essays and fragments, including on Elvish linguistics, with commentary by the scholar Carl F. Hostetter
      The History of The Hobbit (2007) – 2 volumes on the construction of The Hobbit with commentary by the scholar John D. Rateliff


      = Audio recordings

      =
      Poems and Songs of Middle Earth (1967), Caedmon TC 1231 – poems read by Tolkien; songs sung by William Elvin, accompanied by composer Donald Swann (as published in The Road Goes Ever On)
      J. R. R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings (1975), Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (based on an August, 1952 recording by George Sayer)
      J. R. R. Tolkien The Silmarillion Of Beren And Lúthien (1977), Caedmon TC 1564 – Christopher Tolkien reads chapter 19 of The Silmarillion, slightly abridged


      = Graphical works

      =
      Tolkien's artwork
      Tolkien's maps
      Tolkien's scripts
      Cirth
      Sarati
      Tengwar


      Translation


      Translations of The Hobbit
      Translating The Lord of the Rings (issues, challenges, approaches)
      Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish
      List of translations of The Lord of the Rings


      Adaptations and developments




      = Maps

      =

      A Map of Middle-earth, meaning either of two posters:
      by Barbara Remington (1965)
      by Pauline Baynes (1970)
      The Atlas of Middle-earth (1981, revised ed 1991) by Karen Wynn Fonstad
      Journeys of Frodo: An Atlas of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1981) by Barbara Strachey


      = Spoken word

      =
      The Hobbit (1974) – Nicol Williamson recorded an abridged, dramatic version for Decca Records on the Argo label
      The Lord of the Rings (1990) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
      The Hobbit (1991) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
      The Children of Húrin (2007) – Christopher Lee recorded an unabridged audiobook
      The Hobbit (2020) – Andy Serkis live-streamed an unabridged reading to raise money for NHS Charities Together
      The Hobbit (2020) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books
      The Lord of the Rings (2021) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books


      = Radio

      =
      The Lord of the Rings (1955) – BBC: six 45-minute episodes for The Fellowship of the Ring, then six 30-minute episodes for all of The Two Towers and The Return of the King, adapted by Terence Tiller
      The Hobbit (1968) – BBC: eight half-hour episodes, adapted by Michael Kilgarriff
      The Lord of the Rings (1979) – National Public Radio: totalling over 11 hours, adapted by Bernard Mayes
      The Lord of the Rings (1981) – BBC: 26 half-hour instalments, later re-cut to 13 hour-long instalments, adapted by Brian Sibley and Michael Bakewell
      Der Herr der Ringe (1991) – Südwestrundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk: German adaptation of The Lord of the Rings in 30 half-hour episodes, by Peter F. Steinbach


      = Motion pictures

      =

      The Hobbit (1967) – Gene Deitch's short animated adaptation
      The Hobbit (1977) – an animated musical television special by Rankin/Bass
      The Lord of the Rings (1978) – an animated film of the first half of the book by Ralph Bakshi
      The Hobbit (1979) – children's program Jackanory broadcast ten 15-minute episodes
      The Return of the King (1980) – the animated sequel to 1977's The Hobbit
      Khraniteli (1991) - a "lost" Russian television play, now recovered
      Hobitit (1993) - a Finnish rendering of the Hobbits' journey in The Lord of the Rings
      The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power (2022) – prequel series by Amazon Studios


      Peter Jackson


      The Lord of the Rings film series – the live-action trilogy by Peter Jackson
      Films
      The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
      Production
      Wētā Workshop
      Music
      Recordings
      Peter Jackson's interpretation
      The Hobbit film series – Jackson's three-part prequel to his The Lord of the Rings series
      Films
      The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)
      The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013)
      The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)
      Music


      = Stage

      =
      Rob Inglis wrote and performed one-man adaptations of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings starting in the 1970s
      Lord of the Rings (2006) – Musical staged in Toronto, re-written for London in 2007


      = Games

      =


      Tabletop games



      Middle-earth Role Playing (1984) – Iron Crown Enterprises
      Lord of the Rings Adventure Game (1991) – Iron Crown Enterprises
      The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game (2002) –Decipher, Inc.
      The One Ring: Adventures over the Edge of the Wild (2011) – Cubicle 7
      Adventures in Middle-earth (2016) – OGL supplement by Cubicle 7


      Video games



      The Hobbit (1982)
      Elendor (1991)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
      The Hobbit (2003)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (2004)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth (2004)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance) (2004)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II (2006)
      The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king (2006)
      The Lord of the Rings: The White Council (2007; cancelled)
      The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar (2007)
      The Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009)
      The Lord of the Rings: Tactics (2009)
      The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest (2010)
      The Lord of the Rings: War in the North (2011)
      Guardians of Middle-earth (2012)
      Lego The Lord of the Rings (2012)
      Lego The Hobbit (2014)
      Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor (2014)
      Middle-earth: Shadow of War (2017)


      = Parodies

      =
      Bored of the Rings (1969) – Harvard Lampoon novel
      Hordes of the Things (1980) – BBC radio series
      Bored of the Rings (1985) – Delta 4 video game
      The Boggit: Bored Too (1986) – Delta 4 video game
      Muddle Earth (2003) – children's novel by Paul Stewart
      Fellowship! (2004) – musical


      Geography




      = Cosmology of Eä

      =

      Two Trees of Valinor


      = Continents of Arda

      =
      Middle-earth
      Númenor
      Valinor (on Aman)


      = Nations and regions

      =

      Beleriand
      Gondor
      Harad
      Lothlórien
      Mordor
      Rohan
      The Shire


      = Natural features

      =
      The Lonely Mountain
      Mirkwood
      The Old Forest


      = Cities and other populated places

      =
      Bag End
      Bree
      Esgaroth
      Isengard
      Moria
      Rivendell


      History




      = Artefacts

      =
      Mithril
      The Palantíri
      Phial of Galadriel
      Rings of Power
      The One Ring
      The Silmarils
      Weapons and armour


      = Events

      =
      First Age
      Sundering of the Elves
      Third Age
      Battle of Helm's Deep
      Battle of the Pelennor Fields
      Battle of the Morannon
      The Scouring of the Shire


      = Characters

      =


      First Age


      House of Finwë

      Finwë
      Fëanor
      Maedhros
      Finrod Felagund
      Galadriel
      Glorfindel
      House of Elwë and Olwë

      Thingol
      Lúthien
      House of Marach

      Húrin
      Túrin Turambar
      Tuor
      Eärendil and Elwing
      Elrond
      Arwen
      Others

      Beren
      Sauron
      Ungoliant


      Second Age


      Elendil
      Gil-galad
      Isildur


      Third Age


      Thorin and Company

      Thorin Oakenshield
      Balin
      Bilbo Baggins
      Gandalf
      The Company of the Ring

      Frodo Baggins
      Samwise Gamgee
      Merry Brandybuck
      Pippin Took
      Aragorn
      Boromir
      Gandalf
      Legolas
      Gimli
      Wizards:

      Gandalf
      Radagast
      Saruman
      Elves

      Arwen
      Galadriel
      Glorfindel
      Legolas
      Thranduil
      Men

      Aragorn
      Bard
      Boromir
      Denethor
      Éomer
      Éowyn
      Faramir
      Gríma Wormtongue
      Théoden
      Other characters

      Barrow-wight
      Beorn
      Goldberry
      Gollum
      Old Man Willow
      Shelob
      Treebeard
      Tom Bombadil
      Watcher in the Water


      Culture




      = Races

      =

      Ainur

      Valar
      Maiar
      Balrogs
      Wizards
      Men

      Drúedain
      Dúnedain
      Monsters

      Dragons
      Nazgûl
      Orcs
      Trolls
      Wargs
      Other

      Dwarves
      Eagles
      Elves
      Ents
      Hobbits


      = Languages

      =

      Elvish languages

      Quenya
      Grammar of late Quenya
      Sindarin
      Other

      Adûnaic
      Khuzdul
      Black Speech


      = Folklore and poetry

      =
      A Elbereth Gilthoniel
      A Walking Song
      Namárië
      Song of Eärendil
      Errantry
      Fastitocalon
      The Lay of Leithian
      The Lay of the Children of Húrin
      The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
      The Road Goes Ever On
      The Sea-Bell
      The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
      Beren and Lúthien


      Analysis




      = Influences

      =
      J. R. R. Tolkien's influences
      Nodens
      Ring of Silvianus
      Sigelwara Land
      Tolkien's impact on fantasy


      = Components

      =
      Artwork
      Family trees
      Heraldry
      for Tolkien's invented Languages, see above
      Maps
      Non-narrative elements
      Tolkien's poetry
      Poetry in The Lord of the Rings
      see above for individual poems


      = Literary devices

      =
      Anachronism
      Character pairing
      Editorial framing
      Frame stories
      Ælfwine
      (see also The Lost Road)
      The Notion Club Papers
      Red Book of Westmarch
      Impression of depth
      Interlacing
      Narrative structure
      Prose style
      Ambiguity


      = Sources

      =
      Antiquarianism
      Beowulf
      Celtic
      Classical world
      Finnish influences
      First World War
      Modern
      Norse
      Philology
      Shakespeare


      = Themes

      =

      Addiction to power
      Ancestry as guide to character
      Architecture
      Christianity
      Decline and fall
      England
      Environmentalism
      Heroism
      Languages
      Light
      Luck and fate
      Magic
      Medieval
      Moral dilemma
      Music
      Naming of weapons
      Northern courage
      Old Straight Road
      Paganism
      Plants
      Psychological journeys
      Quests
      Race
      Sexuality
      Sound and language
      Time
      Trees and forests
      Women


      = Music

      =
      Music of The Lord of the Rings film series
      The Tolkien Ensemble


      = Scholarship

      =


      Institutions


      Tolkien Gateway
      The Tolkien Society
      The Mythopoeic Society
      Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
      Marion E. Wade Center
      Signum University


      Journals


      Journal of Tolkien Research
      Mallorn
      Mythlore
      Tolkien Studies
      Vinyar Tengwar


      Scholars


      Douglas A. Anderson
      Nicholas Birns
      Stratford Caldecott
      Jane Chance
      Patrick Curry
      Michael D. C. Drout
      Jonathan Evans
      Jason Fisher
      Verlyn Flieger
      John Garth
      Glen GoodKnight
      Wayne G. Hammond
      Stuart D. Lee
      Jared Lobdell
      Catherine McIlwaine
      Gergely Nagy
      Corey Olsen
      John D. Rateliff
      Fleming Rutledge
      Christina Scull
      Elizabeth Solopova
      Sandra Ballif Straubhaar
      Richard C. West
      Ralph C. Wood


      Biographical works


      J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977) – by Humphrey Carpenter
      Tolkien and the Great War (2003) – by John Garth
      The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary (2006) – by Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall and Edmund Weiner


      Works



      Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" (1969) – by Lin Carter (revised 2003 by Adam Roberts)
      The Complete Guide to Middle-earth (1971) – ed. Robert Foster (revised 1978, 2001)
      Master of Middle-Earth (1972) – by Paul H. Kocher
      Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England' (1979) – by Jane Chance
      The Road to Middle-Earth (1982) – by Tom Shippey (revised 1993, 2005)
      Splintered Light (1983) – by Verlyn Flieger
      J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century (2000) – by Tom Shippey
      Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth (2000) – eds Verlyn Flieger and Carl F. Hostetter
      Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon (2003) – by Brian Rosebury
      The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion (2005) – by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
      The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide (2006) – by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
      The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia (2006) – ed. Michael D. C. Drout
      A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien (2014) – ed. Stuart D. Lee
      Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth (2018) – by Catherine McIlwaine
      The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien (2020) – by John Garth


      See also


      List of The Hobbit characters
      List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series


      External links



      The Tolkien Meta-FAQ – answers to commonly asked questions about Tolkien and Middle-earth.
      J. R. R. Tolkien Collection at Marquette University – manuscripts of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, and related documents

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: outline of middle earth

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