Outline of Poland GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Poland:
      Poland is a sovereign country located in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 km2 (120,728 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and 9th in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38.5 million people, which makes it the 33rd most populous country in the world.
      The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I in 966 (see Baptism of Poland), when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by uniting to form the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795, and its territory was partitioned among Prussia, Russia, and Austria. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I but lost it again in World War II, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, and emerged several years later as a socialist republic within the Eastern Bloc under strong Soviet influence. In 1989 communist rule was overthrown and Poland became what is constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic". Poland is a unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships (Polish: województwo). Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO and OECD.


      General reference



      Pronunciation:
      Common English country name: Poland
      Official English country name: The Republic of Poland
      Common endonym(s): Polska
      Official endonym(s): Rzeczpospolita Polska
      Adjectival(s): Polish, polski(a)–polskie
      Demonym(s): Polish
      Etymology: Name of Poland
      International rankings of Poland
      ISO country codes: PL, POL, 616
      ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PL
      Internet country code top-level domain: .pl


      Geography of Poland



      Geography of Poland

      Poland is: a sovereign state
      Member state of the European Union
      Member state of NATO
      Location:
      Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
      Eurasia
      Europe
      Central Europe
      Time zone: Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
      Extreme points of Poland
      High: Rysy 2,499 m (8,199 ft)
      Low: Żuławy Wiślane −1.8 m (−6 ft)
      Land boundaries: 3,071 km
      Czech Republic 796 km
      Slovakia 541 km
      Ukraine 535 km
      Germany 467 km
      Belarus 418 km
      Russia 210 km
      Lithuania 104 km
      Coastline: Baltic Sea 440 km
      Population of Poland: 38,115,967 (June 30, 2007) - 37th most populous country

      Area of Poland: 312679 km2
      Atlas of Poland


      = Environment of Poland

      =

      Main: Environment of Poland

      Climate of Poland
      Ecoregions in Poland
      Renewable energy in Poland
      Geology of Poland
      Protected areas of Poland
      Biosphere reserves in Poland
      National parks of Poland
      Wildlife of Poland
      Fauna of Poland
      Amphibians of Poland
      Birds of Poland
      Mammals of Poland


      Natural geographic features of Poland


      Glaciers of Poland
      Islands of Poland
      Lakes of Poland
      Mountains of Poland
      Volcanoes in Poland
      Rivers of Poland
      Waterfalls of Poland
      Valleys of Poland
      World Heritage Sites in Poland


      = Regions of Poland

      =
      Regions of Poland


      Ecoregions of Poland


      List of ecoregions in Poland

      Ecoregions in Poland


      Administrative divisions of Poland



      Administrative divisions of Poland

      Voivodeships of Poland
      Powiats of Poland
      Gminas of Poland


      = Provinces of Poland

      =
      Provinces of Poland

      Districts of Poland


      = Municipalities of Poland

      =
      Municipalities of Poland

      Capital of Poland: Warsaw
      Cities of Poland


      = Demography of Poland

      =
      Demographics of Poland


      Government and politics of Poland



      Form of government: unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic
      Capital of Poland: Warsaw
      Elections in Poland
      Political parties in Poland


      = Branches of the government of Poland

      =
      Government of Poland


      Executive branch of the government of Poland


      Head of state: President of Poland, Andrzej Duda
      Head of government: Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk
      Cabinet of Poland


      Legislative branch of the government of Poland


      National Assembly of the Republic of Poland (bicameral)
      Upper house: Senate of Poland
      Lower house: Sejm of Poland


      Judicial branch of the government of Poland


      Court system of Poland

      Supreme Court of Poland


      = Foreign relations of Poland

      =
      Foreign relations of Poland

      Diplomatic missions in Poland
      Diplomatic missions of Poland


      International organization membership


      The Republic of Poland is a member of:


      = Law and order in Poland

      =
      Law of Poland

      Capital punishment in Poland
      Constitution of Poland
      Crime in Poland
      Human rights in Poland
      LGBT rights in Poland
      Freedom of religion in Poland
      Law enforcement in Poland


      = Military of Poland

      =
      Military of Poland

      Command
      Commander-in-chief:
      Ministry of Defence of Poland
      Forces
      Army of Poland
      Navy of Poland
      Air Force of Poland
      Special forces of Poland
      Military history of Poland
      Military ranks of Poland


      = Local government in Poland

      =
      Local government in Poland


      = Other

      =
      Political scandals of Poland


      History of Poland


      History of Poland

      Timeline of the history of Poland
      Current events of Poland
      Military history of Poland
      History of rail transport in Poland


      Culture of Poland


      Culture of Poland

      Architecture of Poland
      Cuisine of Poland
      Ethnic minorities in Poland
      Festivals in Poland
      Languages of Poland
      Media in Poland
      National symbols of Poland
      Coat of arms of Poland
      Flag of Poland
      National anthem of Poland
      People of Poland
      Prostitution in Poland
      Public holidays in Poland
      Records of Poland
      Religion in Poland
      Buddhism in Poland
      Christianity in Poland
      Hinduism in Poland
      Islam in Poland
      Judaism in Poland
      Sikhism in Poland
      World Heritage Sites of Poland


      = Art in Poland

      =
      Art in Poland
      Cinema of Poland
      Literature of Poland
      Music of Poland
      Television in Poland
      Theatre in Poland


      = Sports in Poland

      =
      Sports in Poland

      Football in Poland
      Poland at the Olympics


      Economy and infrastructure of Poland


      Economy of Poland

      Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2018): 22nd (twenty-second)
      Agriculture in Poland
      Banking in Poland
      National Bank of Poland
      Communications in Poland
      Internet in Poland
      Companies of Poland
      Currency of Poland: Złoty
      ISO 4217: PLN
      Energy in Poland
      Bełchatów Power Station – largest thermal power station in Europe, and one of largest fossil fuel power stations in the world. It produces 27-28 TWh of electricity per year, 20% of Poland's total power generation.
      Energy policy of Poland
      Oil industry in Poland
      Health care in Poland
      Mining in Poland
      Poland Stock Exchange
      Tourism in Poland
      Water supply and sanitation in Poland


      = Transportation in Poland

      =
      Transport in Poland

      Airports in Poland
      Rail transport in Poland
      High-speed rail in Poland
      Roads in Poland
      National roads in Poland
      Motorways in Poland
      Expressways in Poland
      Voivodeship roads
      Powiat roads
      Gmina roads


      Education in Poland


      Education in Poland

      List of schools in Poland
      List of universities in Poland


      Health in Poland


      Health in Poland


      See also



      Poland

      List of international rankings
      Member state of the European Union
      Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
      Member state of the United Nations
      Outline of Europe
      Outline of geography


      References




      External links


      Wikimedia Atlas of Poland

      General
      Poland.gov.pl - Polish national portal
      Polish Information
      Ministry of Foreign Affairs
      Poland at the World Factbook
      Background Note: Poland
      Travel
      Poland travel guide from Wikivoyage
      Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage
      Photos
      Photos from Poland

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