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      The Pahlavi dynasty ruled Iran from 1925 to 1979, founded by Reza Shah and succeeded by his son, Mohammad Reza Shah. The Pahlavis modernized Iran, improving infrastructure, education, and industry, while strengthening the military and legal systems. Mohammad Reza Shah’s reforms aimed to develop the economy and improve healthcare. Despite opposition, their reign significantly advanced Iran's modernization before being overthrown during the 1979 revolution.

      The Pahlavi dynasty (Persian: سلسله پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty that ruled for roughly 53 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who took on the name of the Pahlavi language spoken in the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire to strengthen his nationalist credentials.
      The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in 1925 after the 1921 coup d'état, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade. About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000–4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran in what became known as the 1921 Persian coup d'état. The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the Majlis agreed to depose and formally exile Ahmad Shah Qajar. The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as the new Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Persian Constitution of 1906. Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a republic, as his contemporary Atatürk had done in Turkey, but abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition.
      The dynasty ruled Iran for 28 years as a form of constitutional monarchy from 1925 until 1953, and following the overthrow of the elected prime minister, for a further 26 years as a more autocratic monarchy until the dynasty was itself overthrown in 1979.


      Family background



      In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of Alasht in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou. His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire), whose family had emigrated to mainland Qajar Iran after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth. His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856.


      Heads of House of Pahlavi




      Consorts




      Heirs



      The former constitution of Iran specifically provided that only a male who was not descended from Qajar dynasty could become the heir apparent. This made all half-brothers of Mohammad Reza ineligible to become heirs to the throne. Until his death in 1954, the Shah's only full brother Ali Reza was his heir presumptive.
      The constitution also required the Shah to be of Iranian descent, meaning that his father and mother are Iranian.


      = Line of succession in February 1979

      =


      = Current Line of Succession

      =


      = List of crown princes

      =


      Royal jewels




      Monuments




      Use of titles



      Shâh: Emperor, followed by Shâhanshâh of Iran, with style His Imperial Majesty
      Shahbânu: Shahbânu or Empress, followed by first name, followed by "of Iran", with style Her Imperial Majesty
      Valiahd: Crown Prince of Iran, with style His Imperial Highness
      Younger sons: Prince (Shâhpūr, or King's Son), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style His Imperial Highness.
      Daughters: Princess (Shâhdokht, or King's Daughter), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style Her Imperial Highness.
      Children of the monarch's daughter/s use another version of Prince (Vâlâ Gohar, "of superior essence") or Princess (Vâlâ Gohari), which indicate descent in the second generation through the female line, and use the styles His Highness or Her Highness. This is then followed by first name and father's surname, whether he was royal or a commoner. However, the children by the last Shah's sister Fatemeh, who married an American businessman as her first husband, are surnamed Pahlavi Hillyer and do not use any titles.


      See also



      List of Shia dynasties
      List of Muslim states and dynasties
      Imperial Standards of Iran
      Monarchism in Iran


      References




      External links


      Media related to Pahlavi dynasty at Wikimedia Commons

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    Pahlavi dynasty | Iran, Coups, Revolution, & Founder | Britannica

    Pahlavi dynasty | Iran, Coups, Revolution, & Founder | Britannica

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    Pahlavi_dynasty – Kiani Concept

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    Pahlavi dynasty - Wikipedia

    The Pahlavi dynasty ruled Iran from 1925 to 1979, founded by Reza Shah and succeeded by his son, Mohammad Reza Shah. The Pahlavis modernized Iran, improving infrastructure, education, and industry, while strengthening the military and legal systems.

    Pahlavi dynasty | Iran, Coups, Revolution, & Founder | Britannica

    Jul 27, 1980 · Pahlavi dynasty, former ruling dynasty of Iran that consisted of two rulers: Reza Khan (ruled as Reza Shah Pahlavi; 1925–41) and his son Mohammad Reza (1941–79). It began following a coup d’état against the Qājār dynasty in 1921 …

    Pahlavi Iran - Wikipedia

    The Pahlavi dynasty was created in 1925 and lasted until 1979, when it was ousted as part of the Islamic Revolution, which ended the Iranian monarchy and established the current Islamic Republic of Iran.

    Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - Wikipedia

    He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty. His vision of the " Great Civilization " ( تمدن بزرگ ) led to his leadership over rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms in Iran.

    Pahlavi dynasty - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    The Pahlavi dynasty (Persian: سلسله پهلوی) is the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah, a Mazanderani [1] [2] soldier. The dynasty took on the name of the Pahlavi language spoken in the pre-Islamic Sassanian Empire in order to strengthen his nationalist ...

    Pahlavi Dynasty: A Guide to Iran’s Modern History - surfiran.com

    Nov 30, 2024 · For visitors to Iran, exploring the legacy of the Pahlavi era offers insights into the nation’s complex history. This guide highlights key events, influential figures, and landmarks that illuminate the dynasty’s transformative impact on Iran. Portrait of the Reza Shah Pahlavi, The Founder of Pahlavi Dynasty (1878-1944) c. 1931.

    History of Iran: Pahlavi Dynasty - Iran Chamber

    In 1925 a specially convened assembly deposed Ahmad Shah, the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, and named Reza Khan, who earlier had adopted the surname Pahlavi, as the new shah. Reza Shah had ambitious plans for modernizing of Iran.

    Pahlavi dynasty - New World Encyclopedia

    The Pahlavi dynasty came into power at a time when Iran was in debt to the European powers and, although not officially a colony was more or less a British protectorate. During the reign of the two monarchs of this short-lived dynasty, Iran emerged as …

    Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi - Encyclopedia Britannica

    Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (born October 26, 1919, Tehrān, Iran—died July 27, 1980, Cairo, Egypt) was the shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979, who maintained a pro-Western foreign policy and fostered economic development in Iran.

    Iranian Revolution | Summary, Causes, Effects, & Facts | Britannica

    Feb 14, 2025 · Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in 1978–79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an …