patois

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      Patois (, pl. same or ) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. As such, patois can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant.
      In colloquial usage of the term, especially in France, class distinctions are implied by the very meaning of the term, since in French, patois refers to any sociolect associated with uneducated rural classes, in contrast with the dominant prestige language (Standard French) spoken by the middle and high classes of cities or as used in literature and formal settings (the "acrolect"). Sociolinguistics is the discipline that studies the relationship between these language varieties, how they relate to the dominant culture and, in the case of France, to national language policy.


      Etymology


      The term patois comes from Old French patois, 'local or regional dialect' (originally meaning 'rough, clumsy or uncultivated speech'), possibly from the verb patoier, 'to treat roughly', from patte, 'paw', from Old Low Franconian *patta, 'paw, sole of the foot', plus the suffix -ois.


      Examples


      In France and other Francophone countries, patois has been used to describe non-standard French and regional languages such as Picard, Occitan and Franco-Provençal since 1643, and Catalan after 1700 when the king Louis XIV banned its use. The word assumes the view of such languages being backward, countrified and unlettered; thus the term patois is potentially considered offensive when used by outsiders. As Jean Jaurès once said, "One names patois the language of a defeated nation." In France and Switzerland, however, the term patois no longer holds any offensive connotation, and has become a celebrated and distinguished variant of the numerous local tongues.
      The vernacular form of English spoken in Jamaica is also referred to as patois or patwa. It is noted especially in reference to Jamaican Patois from 1934. Jamaican Patois language consists of words from the native languages spoken by many Caribbean ethnic and cultural groups including Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Amerindian, English and several African languages. Additionally, some islands have Creole dialects influenced by French, Spanish, Arabic, Hebrew, German, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Vietnamese and others. Jamaican Patois is also spoken in Costa Rica and French Creole is spoken in Caribbean countries such as Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana in South America.
      Often, these patois are popularly considered "broken English" or slang, but cases such as Jamaican Patois are classified more correctly as a Creole language. Notably, in the Francophone Caribbean, the analogous term for local basilectal languages is créole (see also Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole). Antillean Creole, in addition to French, is spoken in Lesser Antilles and includes vocabulary and grammar of African and Carib origin. Its dialects often contain folk-etymological derivatives of French words. For example, lavier ("river, stream"), a syncopated variant of the standard French phrase la rivière ("the river"), has been associated by folk etymology with laver ("to wash"). Therefore, lavier is interpreted to mean "a place to wash" since such streams are often used for washing laundry.
      Other examples of patois include Trasianka, Sheng and Tsotsitaal.
      In Uruguay, patois has been spoken by citizens in the south of Uruguay, many who hail from France and Piedmont region of Italy.


      Synonyms



      Dominican, Grenadian, St. Lucian, Trinidadian and Venezuelan speakers of Antillean Creole call the language patois. It is also named Patuá in the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela and spoken since the eighteenth century by self-colonization of French people (from Corsica) and Caribbean people (from Martinique, Trinidad, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic) who moved for cacao production.
      Macanese Patois is also known as Patuá and was originally spoken by the Macanese community of the former Portuguese colony of Macau.


      References

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    Patois - Wikipedia

    Jamaican Patois language consists of words from the native languages spoken by many Caribbean ethnic and cultural groups including Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Amerindian, English and several African languages.

    Jamaican Patois - Wikipedia

    Jamaican Patois (/ ˈ p æ t w ɑː /; locally rendered Patwah and called Jamaican Creole by linguists) is an English-based creole language with influences from West African, Arawak, Spanish and other languages, spoken primarily in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora.

    Jamaican to English Translator - Jamaican Patwah

    We offer a variety of resources: Free online translation from English into Jamaican Patois and back, English-Jamaican Patois dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, and examples of usage. Jamaican Patwah.

    Patois Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of PATOIS is a dialect other than the standard or literary dialect. How to use patois in a sentence.

    20 Jamaican Patois Phrases You Should Be Using

    Jamaican Patois or Jamaican Creole, more popularly called Patois (Patwah / Patwa) is spoken as a native language by the majority of Jamaicans. Influenced by other languages including English and the languages from West African, Patois has adapted over time.

    How to Speak Jamaican Patois (Complete Guide)

    Nov 8, 2024 · Jamaican Patois, often simply called Patwa, is more than just a dialect – it's the soul of Jamaican culture. This rich language, with its unique blend of African influences and English roots, is spoken by millions around the world. Where Did Patois Come From? Imagine a big pot where everyone’s throwing in different spices.

    15 Jamaican Patois Phrases To Learn - Culture Trip

    Jan 23, 2025 · Jamaican Patois, is expressive, colourful and, to a non-Jamaican, often confusing. The Jamaican language is largely a derivative of Spanish, English and African influences on the country through its colonial history.

    18 Jamaican Patois Phrases Translated to English

    Jamaican patois is another language and is spoken by all the people on the island. Learning a few patois ( patwah ) phrases will go a long way in communicating with Jamaicans. Below is a list of 18 Jamaican Patois phrases translated to English.

    PATOIS | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary

    PATOIS meaning: 1. the form of a language spoken by people in a particular area that is different from the standard…. Learn more.

    Patois a di real voice a di Jamaican people - Jamaica Gleaner

    1 day ago · Some argue that Patois is “broken English”, unsuitable for academic spaces, while others insist that it is a fully developed language with its own grammar, structure, and vocabulary. Truth be told, Patois a di real voice a di people. It carries the struggles and resilience of our ancestors, from enslaved Africans who fused their native ...