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  • Source: Personification of Russia

    • The personification of Russia is traditionally feminine and most commonly maternal since the Middle Ages. Most common terms for national personification of Russia are:

    Mother Russia
    Russian: Ма́тушка Росси́я, romanized: Matushka Rossiya (dim.); also
    Russian: Мать-Росси́я, romanized: Mat'-Rossiya; or
    Russian: Ма́тушка Русь, romanized: Matushka Rus', lit. 'Mother Rus''; or
    Russian: Росси́я-ма́тушка, romanized: Rossiya-matushka, lit. 'Russia the Mother'

    Homeland the Mother
    Russian: Ро́дина-мать, romanized: Rodina-mat
    In the Russian language, the concept of motherland is rendered by two terms:

    "place of birth", (feminine gender, Russian: ро́дина, romanized: rodina)
    "fatherland", (masculine gender, Russian: отечество, отчи́зна, romanized: otchizna)
    Harald Haarmann and Orlando Figes see the goddess Mokosh a source of the "Mother Russia" concept. Mikhail Epstein states that Russia's historical reliance on agriculture supported a mythological view of the earth as a "divine mother", leading in turn to the terminology of "Mother Russia". Epstein also notes the feminine perceptions of the names Rus' and Rossiia, allowing for natural expressions of matushka Rossiia (Mother Russia).


    Usage


    During the Soviet period, the Bolsheviks extensively utilized the image of "Motherland", especially during World War II.











    Statues


    During the Soviet era, many statues depicting the Mother Motherland were built, most to commemorate the Great Patriotic War. These include:

    The Motherland Calls (Russian: Родина-мать зовёт, tr. Rodina-mat' zovyot), a colossal statue in Volgograd, Russia, commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad
    Mother Motherland (Ukrainian: Батьківщина-Мати, tr. Batʹkivshchyna-Maty, Russian: Родина-мать, tr. Rodina-mat' ), now called Mother Ukraine, is a monumental statue in Kyiv that is a part of the Museum of The History of Ukraine in World War II
    Mother Motherland (Saint Petersburg), a statue at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, St. Petersburg, Russia
    Mother Russia (Kaliningrad), a monument in Kaliningrad, Russia
    Mother Motherland Mourning over Her Perished Sons (Russian: Родина-мать, скорбящая о погибших сыновьях, tr. Rodina-mat', skorbyashchaya o pogibshikh synov'yakh), Minsk, Belarus commemorating the dead in Afghanistan
    Mother Motherland (Naberezhnye Chelny), a monument in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia
    Mother Motherland (Pavlovsk), a memorial complex, Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast, Russia
    Motherland Monument (Matveev Kurgan)


    See also



    Defender of the Fatherland Day
    Mat Zemlya
    Russian Bear
    Propaganda in Russia
    Propaganda in the Soviet Union


    References




    Further reading


    Ellen Rutten, Unattainable Bride Russia: Gendering Nation, State, and Intelligentsia in Russian Intellectual Culture, 2010, ISBN 0810126567.


    External links


    Media related to Matushka Rus’ at Wikimedia Commons

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