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      • Pholadidae, known as piddocks or angelwings, are a family of bivalve molluscs similar to a clam.


      Background


      Piddocks are unique in that each side of their shells is divided into 2 or 3 separate sections. Furthermore, one of the piddock's shells has a set of ridges or "teeth", which they use to grind away at clay or soft rock and create tubular burrows. The shape of these burrows is due to the rotating motion of the piddock as it grinds the rock to make its home. The piddock stays in the burrow it digs for the entirety of its eight-year lifespan, with only its siphon exposed to take in water that it filters for food. When the piddock dies and leaves an empty tubular burrow, other marine life such as sea anemone, crabs and other molluscs may use the burrow.
      Some species of Pholadidae may reach up to 18 cm (7″). Their coloration is typically white, though through consumption of red tide algae some may develop a pink coloration.

      The Atlantic mud-piddock, Barnea truncata, often referred to as the fallen angelwing, is classed among the angelwing varieties, growing up to 5.7 cm (2¼″) and is similar to other angelwings but with weaker sculpture. One end is squared off and the other end pointed. Loose accessory plates are located above the hinge on live specimens. It possesses a white exterior and interior. It burrows into mud, clay or softwood. Occasionally it is washed onto sounds and ocean beaches, and has a habitat range from Nova Scotia to Brazil. This fragile shell is rarely dug from mud without breaking. It burrows deeply and has long, united siphons.
      The false angelwing Petricola pholadiformis, is also classed among varieties of angelwing, growing up to 7 cm (2¾″). It has a thin, elongate shell resembling a small angelwing but lacks the rolled-out hinge area. Its beak is at one end of the shell with strong radial ribbing on the beak end. Teeth are located on hinge and a deep pallial sinus and partially united siphons. It has a white exterior and interior. It typically burrows into hard surfaces such as clay or peat in intertidal zones. It is commonly found on sounds and ocean beaches with a range from Canada to Uruguay.
      The common piddock (Pholas dactylus) is known for its bioluminescence and was investigated by Raphaël Dubois in his 1887 discovery of luciferin.


      Genera and selected species


      Genus Aspidopholas P. Fischer, 1887
      Aspidopholas yoshimurai Kuroda & Teramachi, 1930
      Genus Barnea Risso, 1826
      Barnea candida Linnaeus, 1758
      Barnea davidi (Deshayes, 1874)
      Barnea fragilis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
      Barnea manilensis (Philippi, 1847)
      Barnea parva Pennant, 1777
      Barnea similis (Gray, 1835)
      Barnea subtruncata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834)
      Barnea truncata (Say, 1822)

      Genus Chaceia Turner, 1855
      Chaceia ovoidea (Gould, 1851)
      Genus Cyrtopleura Tryon, 1862
      Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Genus Diplothyra Tryon, 1862
      Diplothyra smithii Tryon, 1862
      Genus Jouannetia Desmoulins, 1828
      Jouannetia quillingi Turner, 1955
      Genus Lignopholas R. D. Turner, 1955
      Lignopholas rivicola (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
      Genus Martesia G. B. Sowerby I, 1824
      Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822)
      Martesia fragilis A. E. Verrill and Bush, 1890
      Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Genus Netastoma Carpenter, 1864
      Netastoma darwinii (Sowerby, 1849)
      Netastoma japonicum (Yokoyama, 1920)
      Netastoma rostratum (Valenciennes, 1846)
      Genus Nipponopholas Okamoto & Habe, 1987
      Nipponopholas satoi Okamoto & Habe, 1987
      Genus Parapholas Conrad, 1848
      Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837)
      Genus Penitella Valenciennes, 1846
      Penitella conradi Valenciennes, 1846
      Penitella fitchi Turner, 1955
      Penitella gabbii (Tryon, 1863)
      Penitella hopkinsi Kennedy and Armentrout, 1989
      Penitella kamakurensis (Yokoyama, 1922)
      Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837)
      Penitella richardsoni Kennedy, 1989
      Penitella turnerae Evans and Fisher, 1966
      Genus Pholadidea Turton, 1819
      Pholadidea acherontea Beu and Climo, 1974
      Pholadidea loscombiana Turton, 1819
      Pholadidea spathulata (Sowerby, 1850)
      Pholadidea tridens (Gray, 1843)
      Genus Pholas Linnaeus, 1758
      Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
      Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 – common piddock
      Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791
      Genus Talona Gray, 1842
      Talona explanata (Spengler, 1792)
      Genus Zirfaea Gray, 1842
      Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Zirfaea pilsbryi Lowe, 1931


      = Gallery

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      See also


      Pholad borings


      References




      External links



      Angelwing
      Cyrtopleura costata Angelwing clams
      NC Sea Grant Seashells of NC Field Guide
      Angelwing, Cyrtopleura costata
      Cyrtopleura costata taxonomy
      ITIS
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    Artikel Terkait "pholadidae"

    Pholadidae - Wikipedia

    Pholadidae, known as piddocks or angelwings, are a family of bivalve molluscs similar to a clam. Piddocks are unique in that each side of their shells is divided into 2 or 3 separate sections. Furthermore, one of the piddock's shells has a set of ridges or "teeth", which they use to grind away at clay or soft rock and create tubular burrows.

    Pholadidae - U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

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    Piddock | Bivalve, Marine, Burrowing | Britannica

    Piddock, any of the marine bivalve mollusks of the family Pholadidae (Adesmoidea). Worldwide in distribution, they are especially adapted for boring into rock, shells, peat, hard clay, or mud. Most species occur in the intertidal zone, a few in deeper water.

    Pholadidea - Wikipedia

    Pholadidea is a taxonomic genus of marine bivalve molluscs in the subfamily Martesiinae of the family Pholadidae (the piddocks). Most members of Pholididea bore into shale, soft rock and coral for shelter, with the exception of Pholididea (Hatasia) wiffenae , which is a wood-borer.

    Parapholas californica - Walla Walla University

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    Pholadidae Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

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    Penitella penita - Walla Walla University

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    Pholadidae - GBIF

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