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      In typography, the pilcrow (¶) is a glyph used to identify a paragraph. In editorial production the pilcrow typographic character may also be known as the paragraph mark, the paragraph sign, the paragraph symbol, the paraph, and the blind P.
      In writing and editorial practice, authors and editors use the pilcrow glyph to indicate the start of separate paragraphs, and to identify a new paragraph within a long block of text without paragraph indentions, as in the book An Essay on Typography (1931), by Eric Gill. In the Middle Ages, the practice of rubrication (type in red-ink) used a red pilcrow to indicate the beginning of a different train of thought within the author's narrative without paragraphs.
      The typographic character of the pilcrow usually is drawn like a lowercase letter-q, reaching from the descender to the ascender height; the bowl (loop) can be filled or empty. Moreover, the pilcrow can also be drawn with the bowl extended downward, to resemble a reversed letter-D.


      Origin and name


      The English word pilcrow derives from the Ancient Greek: παράγραφος [parágraphos], "written in the side" or "written in the margin". In Old French, parágraphos became the word paragraphe and later pelagraphe. The earliest English language reference to the modern pilcrow is in 1440, with the Middle English word pylcrafte.


      = Use in Ancient Greek

      =

      The first way to divide sentences into groups in Ancient Greek was the original παράγραφος [parágraphos], which was a horizontal line in the margin to the left of the main text. As the paragraphos became more popular, the horizontal line eventually changed into the Greek letter Gamma (⟨Γ⟩, ⟨γ⟩) and later into litterae notabiliores, which were enlarged letters at the beginning of a paragraph.


      = Use in Latin

      =
      The above notation soon changed to the letter ⟨K⟩, an abbreviation for the Latin word caput, which translates as "head", i.e. it marks the head of a new thesis. Eventually, to mark a new section, the Latin word capitulum, which translates as "little head", was used, and the letter ⟨C⟩ came to mark a new section, or chapter, in 300 BC.


      = Use in Middle Ages

      =
      In the 1100s, ⟨C⟩ had completely replaced ⟨K⟩ as the symbol for a new chapter. Rubricators eventually added one or two vertical bars to the C to stylize it (as ⸿); the "bowl" of the symbol was filled in with dark ink and eventually looked like the modern pilcrow, ¶.
      (Scribes would often leave space before paragraphs to allow rubricators to add a hand-drawn pilcrow in contrasting ink. With the introduction of the printing press from the late medieval period on, space before paragraphs was still left for rubricators to complete by hand. However in some circumstances, rubricators could not draw fast enough for publishers' deadlines and books would often be sold with the beginnings of the paragraphs left blank. This is how the practice of indention before paragraphs was created.)


      Modern use



      The pilcrow remains in use in modern documents in the following ways:

      In legal writing, it is often used whenever one cites a specific paragraph within pleadings, law review articles, statutes, or other legal documents and materials. It is also used to indicate a paragraph break within quoted text.
      In academic writing, it is sometimes used as an in-text referencing tool to make reference to a specific paragraph from a document that does not contain page numbers, allowing the reader to find where that particular idea or statistic was sourced. The pilcrow sign followed by a number indicates the paragraph number from the top of the page. It is rarely used when citing books or journal articles.
      In web publishing style guides, a pilcrow may be used to indicate an anchor link.
      In proofreading, it indicates an instruction that one paragraph should be split into two or more separate paragraphs. The proofreader inserts the pilcrow at the point where a new paragraph should begin.
      In some high-church Anglican and Episcopal churches, it is used in the printed order of service to indicate that instructions follow; these indicate when the congregation should stand, sit, and kneel, who participates in various portions of the service, and similar information. King's College, Cambridge uses this convention in the service booklet for the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. This is analogous to the writing of these instructions in red in some rubrication conventions.
      The pilcrow is also often used in word processing and desktop publishing software:

      As the toolbar icon used to toggle the display of formatting marks, such as tabs and paragraph breaks.
      As the symbol for a paragraph break, shown when display is requested.
      The pilcrow may indicate a footnote in a convention that uses a set of distinct typographic symbols in turn to distinguish between footnotes on a given page; it is the sixth in a series of footnote symbols beginning with the asterisk. (The modern convention is to use numbers or letters in superscript form.)


      Encoding


      The pilcrow character was encoded in the 1984 Multinational Character Set (Digital Equipment Corporation's extension to ASCII) at 0xB6 (decimal 182), subsequently adopted by ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1", 1987) at the same code point, and thence by Unicode as U+00B6 ¶ PILCROW SIGN. In addition, Unicode also defines U+204B ⁋ REVERSED PILCROW SIGN, U+2761 ❡ CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT, and U+2E3F ⸿ CAPITULUM. The capitulum character is obsolete, being replaced by pilcrow, but is included in Unicode for backward compatibility and historic studies.
      The pilcrow symbol was included in the default hardware codepage 437 of IBM PCs (and all other 8-bit OEM codepages based on this) at code point 20 (0x14), which is an ASCII control character.


      = Keyboard entry

      =
      Windows: Alt+0182 or Alt+20 (both on the numeric keypad)
      Microsoft US international keyboard layout: AltGr+;
      Classic Mac OS and macOS: ⌥ Opt+7
      Linux and ChromeOS: Ctrl+⇧ Shift+UB6
      Linux with compose key: Compose⇧ Shift+P⇧ Shift+P
      ChromeOS with UK-International keyboard layout: AltGr+r
      HTML: ¶ (introduced in HTML 3.2 (1997)), or ¶
      Vim, in insert mode: Ctrl+K PI     (upper-case i, not a digit 1 or a lower-case letter L)
      TeX: \P
      LaTeX: \P or \textpilcrow
      Android phones (Gboard): ?123=/<¶
      Apple iPhones and iPads may require the user to set up a text replacement shortcut without installing custom keyboard software. Tools may be required to easily generate a pilcrow, or other special characters.


      Paragraph signs in non-Latin writing systems


      In Sanskrit and other Indian languages, text blocks are commonly written in stanzas. Two vertical bars, ॥, called a "double daṇḍa", are the functional equivalent of a pilcrow.
      In Thai, the character ๏ marks the beginning of a stanza and ฯะ or ๚ะ marks the end of a stanza.
      In Amharic, the characters ፠ and ፨ can mark a section/paragraph.
      In China, the 〇, which has been used as a zero character since the 12th century, has been used to mark paragraphs in older Western-made books such as the Chinese Union Version of the Bible.


      References




      External links

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    symbols - What is the difference between a ¶ Pilcrow Sign and …

    Aug 4, 2015 · The pilcrow (¶) was traditionally genuinely used to mark the start of a new paragraph - or, perhaps more specifically, a new idea or section. It was used before the convention of leaving a clear line, or dropping a line and indenting the first word, came about, but it served more or less the same purpose.

    punctuation - What was the reversed Pilcrow used for? - English ...

    Aug 25, 2022 · This contains the line: " Note that U+204B REVERSED PILCROW SIGN was derived from the typographic U+00B6 ¶ PILCROW SIGN (itself a descendant of U+2E3F CAPITULUM), and is not a glyph variant of PARAGRAPHUS MARK. "The reversed Pilcrow thus seems to have a history related to the normal pilcrow. Just wish I knew a little more.

    Pilcrow question - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange

    Mar 14, 2019 · The pilcrow is usually drawn similar to a lowercase q reaching from descender to ascender height; the loop can be filled or unfilled. There is evidence that an unfilled loop was used in the original character, looking somewhat like this: ⸿. Over time, the pilcrow evolved to become aligned and the loop was filled in standard practise:

    kjv - What is the origin of the paragraph markings in the King …

    Jun 15, 2017 · Souce: Pilcrow Part 1 Overall, the insertion of the pilcrow appears to be independently determined by each committee of the translation. The pilcrow (¶) has an interesting history, and was gradually derived from the capitulum used by monks to mark new chapters and later used for new paragraphs or sentence markers, as the writer / scribe ...

    punctuation - Typographical symbol to indicate page - English …

    Oct 12, 2013 · @bamboo Unicode has three distinct pilcrows, and many fonts have additional ones. ‭ ¶ U+00B6 PILCROW SIGN; ‭ ⁋ U+204B REVERSED PILCROW SIGN; ‭ U+2761 CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT. Just as he does with ampersands, Bringhurst advises using the nicest looking pilcrow the font contains, which is often an alternate swash character.

    Should a pilcrow disambiguate the beginning of one paragraph?

    Sep 5, 2015 · The correct usage of the pilcrow sign "¶" (as I understand) is to begin a paragraph, or to indicate a paragraph on a page that is not laid out with ordinary paragraph line-breaks. I'm writing a technical report and it happens that a page break coincides with a new paragraph, opening with a word that cannot be capitalized.

    punctuation - Is there such a thing as a sentence sign? - English ...

    Nov 5, 2015 · From our modern English-language perspective, it seems fitting that since the pilcrow resembles a P for paragraph, this "silcrow" ought to resemble an S for sentence. Naturally, this is in a way a case of folk etymology, and the pilcrow did not always resemble a backwards P, but such considerations are irrelevant if we are aiming to create a ...

    punctuation - What is this symbol called: “¶” - English Language ...

    It's called a pilcrow. From Wikipedia: The pilcrow (¶), also called the paragraph mark, paragraph sign, paraph, alinea (Latin: a lineā, "off the line"), or blind P, is a typographical character commonly used to denote individual paragraphs.

    When do you leave a space in a paragraph and when do you not?

    Feb 18, 2013 · More obscure options such as running the line on and placing a pilcrow (¶) between them, can be found, but are extremely rare. The important thing to realise, is that these are matters of typographic choices, rather than of writing. This has a few important consequences:

    typography - When a dagger is used to indicate a note, must it …

    Feb 3, 2013 · Grammar Girl offers the same advice, citing Chicago Manual of Style.She writes: You use the symbols in a specific order that starts with the asterisk and then continues with the dagger, double dagger, section mark, parallels, and number sign.