poecilia

      Poecilia GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      Poecilia is a genus of fishes in the family Poeciliidae of the order Cyprinodontiformes. These livebearers are native to fresh, brackish and salt water in the Americas, and some species in the genus are euryhaline. A few have adapted to living in waters that contain high levels of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and a population of P. mexicana lives in caves (other populations of this species are surface-living).
      Some common and widespread species are often kept as aquarium fish, while other have very small ranges and are seriously threatened. Species in Poecilia are called mollies (e. g. P. sphenops) or guppies (e. g. P. reticulata) depending on body shape.
      Micropoecilia has been proposed to be included as a subgenus of Poecilia.


      Taxonomy and etymology


      Poecilia was first proposed as a genus in 1801 by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider when the described Poecilia vivipara as a new species. P. vivipara was subsequently designated as the type species of the genus by Pieter Bleeker in 1864. It is the type genus of the subfamily Poeciliinae and of the family Poeciliidae. Poecilia refers to the Greek word poikilos, which means "variegated" or "speckled", an allusion to the coloration and pattern of the type species, as well as that of and other related fishes, such as Fundulus heteroclitus which Bloch & Schneider classified in this genus.


      Aquaria


      Fish of this genus have extremely variable coloration and have been selectively bred to create many different varieties. The most commonly kept species are guppies (P. reticulata), mollies (P. sphenops or P. latipinna), and Endler's livebearers (P. wingei). Members of the genus readily hybridize with each other and so most commercially offered fish are hybrids (with guppies having some Endler, and mollies being a mix of common and sailfin mollies).
      They are easy to sex as males have a prominent gonopodium, a modified anal fin used to inseminate females. They mature quickly and breed readily, with females giving birth to a dozen or more fry every month. Some poecilids are cannibalistic and will eat any of their fry that are unable to flee in time (with females often eating the fry they just gave birth to, especially in a cramped aquarium setting).


      Species


      The 41 currently recognized species in this genus are:

      Poecilia boesemani Poeser, 2003
      Poecilia butleri D. S. Jordan, 1889 (Pacific molly)
      Poecilia catemaconis R. R. Miller, 1975 (Catemaco molly)
      Poecilia caucana (Steindachner, 1880) (Cauca molly)
      Poecilia caudofasciata (Regan, 1913)
      Poecilia chica R. R. Miller, 1975 (dwarf molly)
      Poecilia dauli M. K. Meyer & Radda, 2000
      Poecilia dominicensis (Evermann & H. W. Clark, 1906)
      Poecilia elegans (Trewavas, 1948) (elegant molly)
      Poecilia formosa (Girard, 1859) (Amazon molly)
      Poecilia gillii (Kner, 1863)
      Poecilia hispaniolana Rivas, 1978 (Hispaniola molly)
      Poecilia hondurensis Poeser, 2011
      Poecilia kempkesi Poeser, 2013
      Poecilia koperi Poeser, 2003
      Poecilia kykesis Poeser, 2002
      Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) (sailfin molly)
      Poecilia latipunctata Meek, 1904 (broadspotted molly)
      Poecilia marcellinoi Poeser, 1995
      Poecilia maylandi M. K. Meyer, 1983 (Balsas molly)
      Poecilia mechthildae M. K. Meyer, Etzel & Bork, 2002
      Poecilia mexicana Steindachner, 1863 (shortfin molly)
      Poecilia nicholsi (G. S. Myers, 1931)
      Poecilia obscura Schories, M. K. Meyer & Schartl, 2009
      Poecilia orri Fowler, 1943 (mangrove molly)
      Poecilia parae C. H. Eigenmann, 1894 (Melanzona guppy)
      Poecilia petenensis Günther, 1866 (Peten molly)
      Poecilia picta (Regan, 1913) (Swamp guppy)
      Poecilia reticulata W. K. H. Peters, 1859 (guppy)
      Poecilia rositae M. K. Meyer, K. Schneider, Radda, B. Wilde & Schartl, 2004
      Poecilia salvatoris Regan, 1907 (Liberty molly)
      Poecilia sarrafae Bragança & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2011
      Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (black molly)
      Poecilia sulphuraria (Álvarez, 1948) (sulphur molly)
      Poecilia teresae D. W. Greenfield, 1990 (mountain molly)
      Poecilia vandepolli van Lidth de Jeude, 1887
      Poecilia velifera (Regan, 1914) (Yucatán molly)
      Poecilia vivipara Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801
      Poecilia waiapi Bragança, W. J. E. M. Costa & Gama, 2012
      Poecilia wandae Poeser, 2003
      Poecilia wingei Poeser, Kempkes & Isbrücker, 2005 (Endler's guppy, Endler's livebearer)
      If Poecilia in the wider sense is used then the species would be divided up into subgenera as follows:

      Poecilia Bloch & Schneider 1801
      Poecilia (Poecilia) vivipara
      Acanthophacelus Eigenmann 1907
      Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) kempkesi
      Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura
      Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) reticulata
      Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei
      Allopoecilia Hubbs 1924
      Poecilia (Allopoecilia) caucana
      Poecilia (Allopoecilia) dauli
      Curtipenis Rivas & Myers 1950
      Poecilia (Curtipenis) elegans
      Limia Poey 1854
      Poecilia (Limia) caudofasciata
      Poecilia (Limia) caymanensi
      Poecilia (Limia) dominicensis
      Poecilia (Limia) fuscomaculata
      Poecilia (Limia) garnieri
      Poecilia (Limia) grossidens
      Poecilia (Limia) immaculata
      Poecilia (Limia) melanogaster
      Poecilia (Limia) melanonotata
      Poecilia (Limia) miragoanensis
      Poecilia (Limia) nicholsi
      Poecilia (Limia) nigrofasciata
      Poecilia (Limia) ornata
      Poecilia (Limia) pauciradiata
      Poecilia (Limia) perugiae
      Poecilia (Limia) rivasi
      Poecilia (Limia) sulphurophila
      Poecilia (Limia) tridens
      Poecilia (Limia) versicolor
      Poecilia (Limia) vittata
      Poecilia (Limia) yaguajali
      Poecilia (Limia) zonata
      Micropoecilia Hubbs 1926
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) bifurca
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) branneri
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) minima
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) parae
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) picta
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) sarrafae
      Poecilia (Micropoecilia) waiapi
      Mollienesia Lesueur 1821
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) boesemani
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) butleri
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) catemaconis
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) chica
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) formosa
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) gillii
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) hondurensis
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) koperi
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) kykesis
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) latipinna
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) latipunctata
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) limantouri
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) marcellinoi
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) maylandi
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) mechthildae
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) mexicana
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) nelsoni
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) orri
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) petenensis
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) rositae
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) salvatoris
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) sphenops
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) sulphuraria
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) teresae
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) thermalis
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) vandepolli
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) velifera
      Poecilia (Mollienesia) wandae
      Pseudolimia Poeser 2002
      Poecilia (Pseudolimia) heterandria
      Psychropoecilia Myers 1935
      Poecilia (Psychropoecilia) hispaniolana
      Poecilia (Psychropoecilia) montana


      Gallery

























      References




      External links


      www.mollyfish.com

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: poecilia

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