poisoning the well

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      Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say. Poisoning the well can be a special case of argumentum ad hominem, and the term was first used in this sense by John Henry Newman in his work Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864).


      Structure


      Poisoning the well can take the form of an (explicit or implied) argument, and is considered by some philosophers an informal fallacy.
      A poisoned-well "argument" has the following form:

      Unfavorable information (be it true or false) about person A is presented by another (e.g. "Before you listen to my opponent, may I remind you that he has been in jail").
      Therefore, the claims made by person A will be false.
      Poisoned-well arguments are sometimes used with preemptive invocations of the association fallacy. In this pattern, an unfavorable attribute is ascribed to any future opponents, in an attempt to discourage debate. For example, "That's my stance on funding the public education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children." Any person who steps forward to dispute the claim will then risk applying the tag to themselves in the process. This is a false dilemma: not all future opponents necessarily have the unfavorable attribute. For example, not everyone who has a different opinion on funding the public education system necessarily hates children.
      A poisoned-well "argument" can also be in this form:

      Unfavorable definitions (be it true or false) that prevent disagreement (or enforce affirmative position).
      Any claims without first agreeing with the above definitions are automatically dismissed.
      Example: Boss, you heard my side of the story, and why I think Bill should be fired and not me. Now, I am sure Bill is going to come to you with some pathetic attempt to weasel out of this lie that he has created.


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      References

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    Poisoning the well - Wikipedia

    Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say.

    'Poisoning the Well' Logical Fallacy Examples - ThoughtCo

    Nov 4, 2019 · Poisoning the well is a logical fallacy in which a person attempts to place an opponent in a position from which he or she is unable to reply.

    Poisoning the Well (Logical Fallacy): Definition and Examples

    May 23, 2023 · What Is Poisoning the Well? ️ Poisoning the well fallacy arises when adverse information about a target is presented preemptively in order to discredit or ridicule the target’s subsequent claims. As such, it’s mostly used to weaken or refute an opponent’s argument before they make them.

    How "Poisoning the Well" Hurts Everyone - Psychology Today

    Oct 17, 2023 · A cognitive bias known as "poisoning the well" often leads us to dismiss others over a perceived flaw. Here's what that looks like, how it's consequential, and how to avoid it.

    7 Poisoning the Well Examples Throughout Your Life - Develop …

    Jan 25, 2021 · “Poisoning the well” is a logical fallacy that occurs when negative facts or suggestions about a speaker are given to an audience as a deterrent in an attempt to discredit what that person is about to say.

    Poisoning the Well Examples - Softschools.com

    Poisoning the well occurs when negative information that is irrelevant is presented ahead of time to discredit the argument. For example, in a political campaign, candidate 2 presents negative information about candidate 1 (true or false) so that anything …

    Poisoning the Well Fallacy | Definition, Effects & Examples

    Nov 21, 2023 · Learn about the poisoning the well logical fallacy. Discover the definition, structure, effects, and examples of the poisoning the well fallacy.

    poisoning the well - Fallacy Check

    The poisoning the well fallacy is a particular form of ad hominem attack, whereby the arguer seeks to discredit a person from a debate or conversation instead of addressing that person's actual opinions or arguments.

    Poisoning the well - GRAMMARIST

    The fallacy known as poisoning the well involves presenting negative information about an opponent to preemptively discredit what he or she says. For example, let’s say the president is running for reelection, and her primary opponent is an up-and-coming politician whom few in the public have heard of.

    Poisoning the Well - Fallacy Files

    To poison the well is to commit a pre-emptive ad hominem strike against an argumentative opponent. As with regular ad hominems, the well may be poisoned in either an abusive or circumstantial way. For instance: "Only an ignoramus would disagree with fluoridating water."