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    • Source: Polygyridae

      • Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
      The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and are present on some Caribbean islands. The definitive reference to the group is Henry Pilsbry's 1940 monograph.


      Anatomy


      This snail family is distinguished from other gastropods on the basis of several anatomical features: They have no dart apparatus (see love dart), the muscles which allow the eyes and pharynx to be retracted are united into a single band, and the jaws are ribbed.
      In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 35 (according to the values in this table).


      Taxonomy


      According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) this family consists of the following subfamilies and tribes:

      Subfamily Polygyrinae Pilsbry, 1895
      tribe Allogonini Emberton, 1995
      tribe Ashmunellini Webb, 1954
      tribe Polygyrini Pilsbry, 1895
      subtribe Mesodontina Tryon, 1866
      subtribe Polygyrina Pilsbry, 1895
      subtribe Stenotrematina Emberton, 1995
      Subfamily Triodopsinae Pilsbry, 1940


      Genera


      This family is defined by an absent diverticulum and absent stimulatory organ. The two subfamilies, Polygyrinae and Triodopsinae, are distinguished on the basis of reproductive anatomy, as some species in the subfamily Polygyrinae show a penial appendage. This family is monophyletic.
      Pilsbry uses the generic names Allogona, Ashmunella, Giffordius, Mesodon, Polygyra, Praticolella, Stenotrema, Trilobopsis, Triodopsis, and Vespericola. The remaining names listed here have either been elevated from Pilsbry's subgenera since 1940, or newly created.
      Subfamily Polygyrinae:

      Appalachina
      Daedalochila
      Euchemotrema
      Fumonelix
      Giffordius
      Hochbergellus
      Inflectarius
      Linisa
      Lobosculum
      Mesodon
      Millerelix
      Patera
      Polygyra
      Praticolella
      Stenotrema
      Trilobopsis
      Shells of species within the Polygyrinae










































      Subfamily Triodopsinae:

      Allogona
      Ashmunella
      Cryptomastix
      Neohelix
      Triodopsis
      Vespericola
      Webbhelix
      Xolotrema
      Shells of species within the Triodopsinae



























      References




      External links


      Media related to Polygyridae at Wikimedia Commons

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