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- Polynesian rat - Wikipedia
- Polynesian Rat - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
- ADW: Rattus exulans: INFORMATION
- Polynesian rat - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans) - iNaturalist
- Kiore Polynesian Rat - National Maritime Historical Society
- Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
- Polynesian Rats – Wildlife Damage Management - Extension
- Polynesian Rat: Facts About This Tiny Rodent
- The Polynesian Rat | Critter Science
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The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (Rattus exulans), or kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, and like its relatives has become widespread, migrating to most of Polynesia, including New Zealand, Easter Island, and Hawaii. It shares high adaptability with other rat species extending to many environments, from grasslands to forests. It is also closely associated with humans, who provide easy access to food. It has become a major pest in most areas of its distribution.
Description
The Polynesian rat is similar in appearance to other rats, such as the black rat and the brown rat. It has large, round ears, a pointed snout, black/brown hair with a lighter belly, and comparatively small feet. It has a thin, long body, reaching up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in length from the nose to the base of the tail, making it slightly smaller than other human-associated rats. Where it exists on smaller islands, it tends to be smaller still – 11.5 cm (4.5 in). It is commonly distinguished by a dark upper edge of the hind foot near the ankle; the rest of its foot is pale.
Distribution and habitat
The Polynesian rat is widespread throughout the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests that the species originated on the island of Flores. The IUCN Red List considers it native to Bangladesh, all of mainland Southeast Asia, and Indonesia, but introduced to all of its Pacific range (including the island of New Guinea), the Philippines, Brunei, and Singapore, and of uncertain origin in Taiwan. It cannot swim over long distances, so is considered to be a significant marker of the human migrations across the Pacific, as the Polynesians accidentally or deliberately introduced it to the islands they settled. The species has been implicated in many of the extinctions that occurred in the Pacific amongst the native birds and insects; these species had evolved in the absence of mammals and were unable to cope with the predation pressures posed by the rat. This rat also may have played a role in the complete deforestation of Easter Island by eating the nuts of the local palm tree Paschalococos, thus preventing regrowth of the forest.
Although remains of the Polynesian rat in New Zealand were dated to over 2,000 years old during the 1990s, which was much earlier than the accepted dates for Polynesian migrations to New Zealand, this finding has been challenged by later research showing the rat was introduced to both the country's main islands circa 1280.
Behaviour
Polynesian rats are nocturnal like most rodents, and are adept climbers, often nesting in trees. In winter, when food is scarce, they commonly strip bark for consumption and satisfy themselves with plant stems. They have common rat characteristics regarding reproduction: polyestrous, with gestations of 21–24 days, litter size affected by food and other resources (6–11 pups), weaning takes around another month at 28 days. They diverge only in that they do not breed year round, instead being restricted to spring and summer.
= Diet
=R. exulans is an omnivorous species, eating seeds, fruit, leaves, bark, insects, earthworms, spiders, lizards, and avian eggs and hatchlings. Polynesian rats have been observed to often take pieces of food back to a safe place to properly shell a seed or otherwise prepare certain foods. This not only protects them from predators, but also from rain and other rats. These "husking stations" are often found among trees, near the roots, in fissures of the trunk, and even in the top branches. In New Zealand, for instance, such stations are found under rock piles and fronds shed by nīkau palms.
Rat control and bird conservation
= New Zealand
=In New Zealand and its offshore islands, many bird species evolved in the absence of terrestrial mammalian predators, so developed no behavioral defenses to rats. The introduction by the Māori of the Polynesian rat into New Zealand resulted in the eradication of several species of terrestrial and small seabirds.
Subsequent elimination of rats from islands has resulted in substantial increases in populations of certain seabirds and endemic terrestrial birds, as well as species of insects such as the Little Barrier Island giant wētā. As part of its program to restore these populations, such as the critically endangered kākāpō, the New Zealand Department of Conservation undertakes programs to eliminate the Polynesian rat on most offshore islands in its jurisdiction, and other conservation groups have adopted similar programs in other reserves seeking to be predator- and rat-free.
However, two islands in the Hen and Chickens group, Mauitaha and Araara, have now been set aside as sanctuaries for the Polynesian rat.
= Rest of the Pacific
=NZAID has funded rat eradication programs in the Phoenix Islands of Kiribati in order to protect the bird species of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area.
Between July and November 2011, a partnership of the Pitcairn Islands Government and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds implemented a poison baiting programme on Henderson Island aimed at eradicating the Polynesian rat. Mortality was massive, but of the 50,000 to 100,000 population, 60 to 80 individuals survived and the population has now fully recovered.
References
"ISSG entry: Rattus exulans". Archived from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2006-12-05.
External links
D. J. Campbell; I. A. E. Atkinson (1999). "Effects of kiore (Rattus exulans Peale) on recruitment of indigenous coastal trees on northern offshore islands of New Zealand" (PDF). Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand. Vol. 29 No 4, December 1999, pp. 265–290. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
Auckland Conservancy (2006). "Kiore / Pacific Rat / Polynesian Rat" (PDF). New Zealand Department of Conservation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Polynesian Rat Facts for Kids
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian rat - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Polynesian Rat - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
Polynesian Rat - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
Polynesian Rat - Rattus exulans
Polynesian Rat. EO 067538 Polynesian Rat Rattus exulans 001.jpg Stock ...
Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans)
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Polynesian rat - Wikipedia
The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (Rattus exulans), or kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.
Polynesian Rat - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
Polynesian rats are widespread throughout the Pacific and Southeast Asia. They inhabit many environments, from grasslands to forests, and may be found in agricultural areas. Polynesian rats are social creatures. They are nocturnal like most rodents and are …
ADW: Rattus exulans: INFORMATION
Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) have an extensive distribution from Southeast Asia and New Guinea through the Pacific. They spread to several thousands islands in the western and central Pacific Ocean through the colonizing efforts of the Polynesian people.
Polynesian rat - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.
Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans) - iNaturalist
The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.
Kiore Polynesian Rat - National Maritime Historical Society
This type of rat, which is much smaller than the other two and with a lighter brown fur, was known to the Maori as kiore; today it is also known as the Polynesian or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans). More than 800 years ago, the kiore came to this part of the world aboard the double-hulled sailing canoes of the Polynesians, during their epic ...
Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Polynesian rat. Little Rat. Pacific Rat. Kingdom. Animalia. Location in Taxonomic Tree . Genus. Rattus. Species. Rattus exulans. Identification Numbers. TSN: 180364. Geography. Launch Interactive Map. Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.
Polynesian Rats – Wildlife Damage Management - Extension
Polynesian rats are native to Southeast Asia but have dispersed with humans across the central and western Pacific. Today, these rodents inhabit almost every Pacific island within 30o of the equator. They occur from the Asiatic mainland south to New Guinea and New Zealand, and east to the Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island.
Polynesian Rat: Facts About This Tiny Rodent
Dec 25, 2023 · The Polynesian rat, also known as Rattus exulans, is a small rodent that has played a significant role in Pacific Island ecosystems for thousands of years. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was introduced to the …
The Polynesian Rat | Critter Science
Apr 2, 2024 · The Polynesian rat, aka little rat, Pacific rat, or kiore, got its beginnings in Southeast Asia. however, like the brown rat and black rat, they have spread to many other locales. These are the third most invasive rat species, after the brown and black rats.