Artikel: Powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi

  • Source: Powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom
  • In the United Kingdom, powerlines cross rivers and estuaries either in the form of overhead lines or with cables carried in tunnels. Overhead power lines are supported on towers (called pylons in the UK) which are usually significantly taller than overland pylons and are more widely spaced to cross the river in a single span. Tall pylons ensure that the electricity cables which they support provide an adequate safety clearance for river traffic.


    Overhead crossings


    The tallest and longest overhead power line river crossings in the United Kingdom are:

    The tallest electricity pylons in the UK are those of the 400 kV Thames Crossing, at West Thurrock, which are 190 m (630 ft) high. These were constructed by BICC in 1965. The cables stretch 1300 m (4,500 ft) across the River Thames and have a minimum clearance of 76 m (250 ft). There are two 400 kV circuits that connect Littlebrook substation on the south bank to West Thurrock substation on the north side.


    The longest powerline river crossing in the UK is the Aust Severn Powerline Crossing over the River Severn at Aust, stretching 1700 m (5,310 ft) between towers 148 m (488 ft) high. The line was commissioned in 1959 and comprises two 275 kV electricity circuits forming part of the line between Iron Acton and Whitson substations. This pylon crossing is paralleled by the Severn-Wye Cable Tunnel beneath it, at almost the same location.


    = List of overhead powerlines

    =
    This is an incomplete list of overhead powerline river crossings in the UK.


    Cable tunnel river crossings


    In addition to overhead powerline river crossings, there are also underground powerline river crossings.


    = River Thames

    =
    Tunnels under the River Thames, from east to west are:

    Thames Cable Tunnel, between Tilbury and Gravesend, commissioned in 1970, comprising two 400 kV circuits between Tilbury and Kingsnorth substations
    Dartford Cable Tunnel, between Littlebrook substation and West Thurrock substation, constructed 2003–04, comprising two 400 kV circuits
    Barking Cable Tunnel, between Barking and Thamesmead, comprising four 33 kV circuits
    Millennium Dome electricity cable tunnel, between West Ham substation and the Millennium Dome, comprising 11 kV circuits
    Deptford River Tunnel, between Deptford and Millwall Isle of Dogs, comprising 30 11 kV circuit
    New Cross to Finsbury Market Cable Tunnel, between Bermondsey and Wapping, built between 2009 and 2017, comprises three 132 kV circuits
    Bankside river Tunnel, between Bankside and Blackfriars, connects Bankside substation and City Road substation, comprises 132 kV and 33 kV circuits
    Bankside – Charing Cross, crosses beneath Hungerford Bridge, comprises two 20 kV circuits
    Wimbledon – Pimlico Cable Tunnel, crosses the Thames between Nine Elms and Pimlico, comprises a 132 kV circuit
    Battersea Power Station Tunnels
    London Power Tunnels Kensal Green to Wimbledon, crosses the Thames between Wandsworth and Hurlingham, constructed between 2011 and 2016, comprises a single 400 kV circuit.


    = Cable tunnels under other rivers

    =
    Other underground tunnel cable crossings are:

    River Medway Cable Tunnels under the lower River Medway between Grain and Chetney Marshes, Kent, built between 1973–76, comprises two 400 kV circuits
    Fawley Tunnel under Southampton Water between Fawley and Chilling, built between 1962 and 1965, comprises two 400 kV circuits
    Severn-Wye Cable Tunnel under the River Severn and Wye between Aust and Newhouse, two 400 kV circuits. This runs parallel to the Severn overhead pylon crossing (see above), and was commissioned in 1972.


    Incidents


    The 430-ft high 275kV Tyne Crossing collapsed on 16 February 1962, on the same day there was the British highest wind speed of 177mph on Lowther Hill in south-west Scotland.
    The pylon at Jarrow crashed at 4am, and the pylon at East Howdon crashed at 5.20am. The Jarrow pylon crashed onto oil pipes of the neighbouring Shell oil terminal. The North Eastern Electricity Board had planned a transmission line from Blyth to Teesside in 1958; Jarrow Borough Council wanted the cables to go underground.
    It was part of the 50-mile Blyth to Lackenby 275kV line. The transmission line was built around December 1961. The crossing was rebuilt from 4 November 1962.


    References



    "Notes and news". Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society. February 2003.

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