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      In Greek mythology, Priam (; Ancient Greek: Πρίαμος, pronounced [prí.amos]) was the legendary and last king of Troy during the Trojan War. He was the son of Laomedon. His many children included notable characters such as Hector, Paris, and Cassandra.


      Etymology


      Most scholars take the etymology of the name from the Luwian 𒉺𒊑𒀀𒈬𒀀 (Pa-ri-a-mu-a-, or “exceptionally courageous”), attested as the name of a man from Zazlippa, in Kizzuwatna. A similar form is attested transcribed in Greek as Paramoas near Kaisareia in Cappadocia.
      Some have identified Priam with the historical figure of Piyama-Radu, a warlord active in the vicinity of Wilusa. However, this identification is disputed, and is highly unlikely, given that he was known in Hittite records as being an ally of the Ahhiyawa against Wilusa.
      A popular folk etymology derives the name from the Greek verb priamai, meaning 'to buy'. This in turn gives rise to a story of Priam's sister Hesione ransoming his freedom with a veil, from Heracles, thereby 'buying' him. This story is attested in the Bibliotheca and in other influential mythographical works dated to the first and second centuries AD. These sources are, however, dated much later than the first attestations of the name Priamos or Pariya-muwas, and thus are more problematic.


      Description


      Priam was described by the chronicler Malalas in his account of the Chronography as "tall for the age, big, good, ruddy-colored, light-eyed, long-nosed, eyebrows meeting, keen-eyed, gray, restrained." Meanwhile, in the account of Dares the Phrygian, he was illustrated as ". . .had a handsome face and a pleasant voice. He was large and swarthy."


      Marriage and children


      See List of children of Priam
      Priam is said to have fathered fifty sons and many daughters, with his chief wife Hecuba, daughter of the Phrygian king Dymas and many other wives and concubines. These children include famous mythological figures such as Hector, Paris, Helenus, Cassandra, Deiphobus, Troilus, Laodice, Polyxena, Creusa, and Polydorus. Priam was killed when he was around 80 years old by Achilles' son Neoptolemus.


      Life


      In Book 3 of Homer's Iliad, Priam tells Helen of Troy that he once helped King Mygdon of Phrygia in a battle against the Amazons.
      When Hector is killed by Achilles, the Greek warrior treats the body with disrespect and refuses to give it back. According to Homer in book XXIV of the Iliad, Zeus sends the god Hermes to escort King Priam, Hector's father and the ruler of Troy, into the Greek camp. Priam tearfully pleads with Achilles to take pity on a father bereft of his son and return Hector's body. He invokes the memory of Achilles' own father, Peleus. Priam begs Achilles to pity him, saying "I have endured what no one on earth has ever done before – I put my lips to the hands of the man who killed my son." Deeply moved, Achilles relents and returns Hector's corpse to the Trojans. Both sides agree to a temporary truce, and Achilles gives Priam leave to hold a proper funeral for Hector, complete with funeral games. He promises that no Greek will engage in combat for at least nine days, but on the twelfth day of peace, the Greeks would all stand once more and the mighty war would continue.
      Priam is killed during the Sack of Troy by Achilles' son Neoptolemus (also known as Pyrrhus). His death is graphically related in Book II of Virgil's Aeneid. In Virgil's description, Neoptolemus first kills Priam's son Polites in front of his father as he seeks sanctuary on the altar of Zeus. Priam rebukes Neoptolemus, throwing a spear at him, harmlessly hitting his shield. Neoptolemus then drags Priam to the altar and there kills him too. Priam's death is alternatively depicted in some Greek vases. In this version, Neoptolemus clubs Priam to death with the corpse of the latter's baby grandson, Astyanax.


      Gallery





















































































      Family tree




      Cultural depiction


      In film

      Helen of Troy - played by Cedric Hardwicke.
      The Trojan Horse - played by Carlo Tamberlani.
      Troy - played by Peter O'Toole.
      In TV series

      Helen of Troy - played by John Rhys-Davies.
      Troy: Fall of a City - played by David Threlfall.
      In theater

      Les Troyens in which King Priam plays a minor role.
      King Priam.


      See also



      Priam's Treasure


      Notes




      References


      Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
      Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. ISBN 978-0674995796. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
      Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. ISBN 978-0198145318. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
      Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Priamus"

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    Priam - Wikipedia

    In Greek mythology, Priam (/ ˈpraɪ.əm /; Ancient Greek: Πρίαμος, pronounced [prí.amos]) was the legendary and last [1] king of Troy during the Trojan War. He was the son of Laomedon. His many children included notable characters such as Hector, Paris, and Cassandra.

    Priam | Myth, Significance, & Trojan War | Britannica

    Priam, in Greek mythology, the last king of Troy. He succeeded his father, Laomedon , as king and extended Trojan control over the Hellespont. He married first Arisbe (a daughter of Merops the seer) and then Hecuba , and he had other wives and concubines .

    Priam - Greek King of Troy - Mythology.net

    Nov 1, 2016 · In Greek mythology, Priam was the last king of Troy. He ruled the city during the Trojan War and had ties to both its beginning and end. His myth collects pity from many who hear it and serves as a reminder that family is the most important aspect of life.

    King Priam of Troy - World History Edu

    King Priam is one of the central figures in Greek mythology and the legendary last king of Troy during the Trojan War. His narrative weaves through themes of human grief, divine intervention, and the tragic fall of a once-great city.

    Priam - Greek Mythology

    Priam was the king of Troy in Greek mythology, at the time the Greeks launched an attack against the city, known as the Trojan War. His father was the Trojan king Laomedon. When he was born, Priam was given the name Podarces.

    Priam - Encyclopedia.com

    May 11, 2018 · In Greek mythology, Priam was the last king of Troy*, a ruler who witnessed the destruction of his city in the Trojan War*. His son Paris caused the war, while another son, Hector*, became the greatest Trojan hero during the long struggle against the Greeks.

    King Priam: The Last Standing King of Troy - Ancient Literature

    Aug 7, 2022 · King Priam was the last standing king of Troy during the Trojan war. He was an important figure in ancient Greek mythology. His story is explained in the Book three of the Illiad by Homer in a very captivating way.

    King Priam in Greek Mythology - Greek Legends and Myths

    Priam was the last and most famous king of Troy in Greek mythology. Put on the throne by Heracles, Priam would famously be father to the likes of Cassandra, Hector and Paris.

    King Priam, the Mythical Trojan King of Ancient Greece

    Oct 17, 2024 · King Priam of Troy was one of the most tragic and prominent figures in the mythology of ancient Greece. He was the last ruler of the mighty city of Troy, a place that was destined to become one of the most epic and well-known battlefields of the entire antiquity.

    Priam - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Priam (Priamos or (Latin) Priamus) is a person in Greek mythology. He was the King of Troy during the Trojan War. Priam had several wives, but his principal wife was Hecuba. With her he had his favourite son Hector; and Paris the cause of the war.