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      Priscus (fl. late 1st century AD) was a Roman gladiator of Celtic origins. His combat with Verus was the highlighted entertainment of the opening day games sponsored by Titus to inaugurate the Flavian Amphitheatre in AD 80. It was recorded in a laudatory poem by Martial — Liber Spectaculorum is the only known detailed description to survive of a gladiatorial fight. This laudatory poem was written to honor and to highlight all the events of Titus's games. Their fight marked the beginning of the celebration and concluded in a rare result. Both gladiators were declared victors of the match, and were unexpectedly awarded their freedom by the Emperor.
      Martial described the fight in Liber de Spectaculis 29:


      Discussion


      Priscus and Verus' fight occurred on the first day of the games, which celebrated the opening of the Colosseum. These games consisted mainly of gladiatorial fights, animal spectacles and staged sea battles. These games helped placate the Roman masses and increased Titus' popularity to the end of his reign in 81 AD. Beginning during the time of Julius Caesar, colosseum entertainment tactically satisfied the Roman mobs' pent-up frustrations with their cheering of the entertainment.
      Gladiatorial fights did not always end with the death of a participant. A gladiator could raise a finger or surrender his weapon to the opponent to signal his willingness to concede defeat. And the imposition of "missio" would require that the conceding gladiator return to continued fight training. Missio was initiated following the spirit of the attendees with a reprieve from the match ending in a death. The fighters could initiate ending of the match requesting that the match be declared a draw as supported by the crowds. Gladiatorial surrender was not common since it was held in disdain.


      Role in fiction


      The dramatized documentary by the BBC (2003) about the opening of games at the Colosseum featured the historical Priscus and Verus match. In the program, they were at the time both slaves having developed their skills through the gladiatorial process; Priscus from Gaul was born a slave and Verus was born free. Verus is predominantly known because of his match with Priscus.
      Priscus and Verus also play a role in Adventure Time's "Morituri Te Salutamus" (season 3, episode 2) in which they fight the show's heroes, Finn and Jake, as ghosts of their former selves seeking their freedom.
      Reveille, 1931


      Footnotes




      Further reading


      Bowman, Alan, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume XI: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
      Hornblower, Simon, and Antony Spawforth. Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2003.
      Traver, Andrew G. From Polis to Empire – The Ancient World, c. 800 B.C.-A.D. 500: A Biographical Dictionary. 1st ed. Greenwood Press, 2002.
      Colosseum: A Gladiator's Story, television documentary from 2003

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    Martial Tells the Story of Gladiators Priscus and Verus

    Martial Tells the Story of Gladiators Priscus and Verus

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    Priscus (gladiator) - Wikipedia

    Priscus (fl. late 1st century AD) was a Roman gladiator of Celtic origins. His combat with Verus was the highlighted entertainment of the opening day games sponsored by Titus to inaugurate the Flavian Amphitheatre in AD 80.

    The Gladiators Priscus and Verus: Equal they Fought, Equal ...

    Dec 21, 2017 · Priscus and Verus were a tough pair of gladiators who lived during the latter part of the 1st century AD. They are famous for their drawn-out battle in the Flavian Amphitheater of Rome (better known as the Colosseum).

    Top 10 Famous Ancient Roman Gladiators - Ancient History Lists

    Mar 14, 2024 · Priscus and Verus fought this epic battle in the first century AD in the famous Flavian Amphitheater. As it happened, their ultimate battle was also the first big spectacle in the Flavian arena, a spectacle that was documented in detail by the poet Martial.

    Martial Tells the Story of Gladiators Priscus and Verus

    Jan 26, 2019 · We know of these capable gladiators from a poem by the witty Latin epigrammatist Marcus Valerius Martialis aka Martial, who is usually referred to as coming from Spain. It is the only detailed -- such as it is -- description of such a fight that has survived.

    Roman Gladiators and Their Lovers - Early Church History

    “Gladiator,” coming from the Latin word for the 23” steel sword they used (the gladius), was, also, a slang term for “penis.” Gladiators who won consistently became national heroes and had groupies.

    Priscus and Verus: The Legendary Gladiators of Ancient Rome

    Priscus and Verus were renowned gladiators in ancient Rome, rising to prominence during the reigns of Emperors Vespasian and Titus in the late 1st century AD. They became famous for their extraordinary combat skills and captivating battles, particularly their legendary encounter on the inaugural day of the games at the Flavian Amphitheatre, now ...

    Colosseum: Rome's Arena of Death - Wikipedia

    Colosseum: Rome's Arena of Death a.k.a. Colosseum: A Gladiator's Story is a 2003 BBC Television and France 2 docudrama which tells the true story of Verus, a gladiator who fought at the Colosseum in Rome. The opening scene in A.D. 80 shows preparations for gladiatorial battle in the Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre.

    Ancient Roman Gladiators - The Colosseum

    Priscus and Verus were a pair of gladiators who had the honor of fighting each other at the inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater. It is said that after battling for hours they agreed to end the fight in a draw, at which point Emperor Titus granted them the rudis , making them free men.

    Priscus (gladiator) - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

    Priscus ("fl." late 1st century AD) was a Roman gladiator of Celtic origins. His combat with his friend Verus was the highlight of the opening day of the games conducted by Titus to inaugurate the Flavian Amphitheatre in AD 80 , and was recorded in a laudatory poem by Martial — the only detailed description of a gladiatorial fight that has ...

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    The fight of the gladiators Verus and Priscus is considered the most famous gladiator performance in history and the only fight described in detail by a contemporary. The tragedy of the battle was that two best friends who were the favorites of the Roman public fought to …