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Artikel: Pygmy owl GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi
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Pygmy owls are members of the genus Glaucidium. They belong to the typical owl family, Strigidae.
The genus consists of 29 species distributed worldwide. These are mostly small owls, and some of the species are called "owlets". The genus includes nocturnal, diurnal, and crepuscular species. Birds in this genus mainly hunt large insects and other small prey.
Taxonomy
The genus Glaucidium was introduced in 1826 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie. The type species was designated as the Eurasian pygmy owl by George Robert Gray in 1840. The genus name is from Ancient Greek glaukidion meaning "little owl" or "owlet". It is diminutive of glaux meaning "owl".
A molecular phylogenetic study of the owls published in 2019 found that the widely distributed northern hawk-owl (Surnia ulula) is sister to the genus Glaucidium.
Species
The genus contains 29 living species:
Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum)
Pearl-spotted owlet (Glaucidium perlatum)
Red-chested owlet (Glaucidium tephronotum)
Sjöstedt's barred owlet (Glaucidium sjostedti)
Asian barred owlet (Glaucidium cuculoides)
Javan owlet (Glaucidium castanopterum)
Jungle owlet (Glaucidium radiatum)
Chestnut-backed owlet (Glaucidium castanotum)
African barred owlet (Glaucidium capense)
Albertine owlet (Glaucidium albertinum)
Northern pygmy owl (Glaucidium californicum)
Mountain pygmy owl (Glaucidium gnoma)
Baja pygmy owl (Glaucidium hoskinsii)
Guatemalan pygmy owl (Glaucidium cobanense)
Costa Rican pygmy owl (Glaucidium costaricanum)
Cloud-forest pygmy owl (Glaucidium nubicola)
Andean pygmy owl (Glaucidium jardinii)
Yungas pygmy owl (Glaucidium bolivianum)
Colima pygmy owl (Glaucidium palmarum)
Tamaulipas pygmy owl (Glaucidium sanchezi)
Central American pygmy owl (Glaucidium griseiceps)
Subtropical pygmy owl (Glaucidium parkeri)
Amazonian pygmy owl (Glaucidium hardyi)
East Brazilian pygmy owl (Glaucidium minutissimum)
Pernambuco pygmy owl (Glaucidium mooreorum)
Ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium brasilianum)
Pacific pygmy owl (Glaucidium peruanum)
Austral pygmy owl (Glaucidium nana)
Cuban pygmy owl (Glaucidium siju)
Etymology
The word "pygmy" has its roots in the Greek word "πυγμαῖος" (pygmaios), which means "of the fist," suggesting the small stature of the object in question. The earliest evidence of this term's usage to describe species in the Glaucidium genus dates back to the 1850s, believed to be coined by zoologist Spencer Baird.
Fossil specimens
Kurochkin's pygmy owl (Glaucidium kurochkini) is a fossil species known from the La Brea Tar Pits that likely went extinct during the Quaternary extinction. The supposed prehistoric species "Glaucidium" dickinsoni is now recognized as a burrowing owl, probably a paleosubspecies providentiae. Bones of an indeterminate Glaucidium have been recovered from Late Pliocene deposits in Poland. Fossil material belonging to a new species of Glaucidium was described in 2020 as G. ireneae. The fossils were recovered from Pliocene/Pleistocene transitional strata in South Africa.
Description and characteristics
Pygmy owls' ears, similar to other owls, are covered by feathers on the side of the face behind the eyes. To better triangulate sounds and make hunting easier, the pygmy owl's ears may be asymmetrically placed. Female owls tend to be bigger than males.
Some species of pygmy owl, including the northern pygmy owl, have ocelli on the back of their heads. These eyespots may contribute to the owls' self-defense against mobbing.
Habitat
Pygmy owl species are found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. In Northern America, pygmy owls can primarily be found in western North America, with regions encompassing Canada, the United States, and Mexico. In line with the diversity of countries, these animals display incredible flexibility in terms of specific habitats by which they reside. The predominant environment they are found in is forests, ranging from temperate and moist to deciduous woods. However, they can also be found in savannas, wetlands, open woodlands, swamps, and meadows. In correspondence with this, their preference for elevation greatly depends on the region they affiliate with. However, the general range of altitudes they prefer are between 3,000 and 6,000 feet above sea level.
The pygmy owl's habitat also depends on availability in their country of residence. In Mexico, they tend to be found in pine-oak and scrub forests, while their Honduras counterparts plant their roots in highland pine and cloud forests. Due to their preferred reproduction method of exploiting tree cavities produced by woodpeckers, this forest environment works to their advantage in terms of conserving their energy finding potential nesting locations.
Human impact and conservation efforts
As an inevitable and at times inadvertent consequence of human development, the pygmy owl's habitat, and by extension the animal itself, is under threat. A broader characterization of human impact on the pygmy owl is climate change, urbanization, agricultural expansion, and more. As a direct result, habitat fragmentation is occurring at an alarming rate—a rate at which the owls cannot adapt to naturally. While the general trajectory of habitat destruction for pygmy owls is that of a declining one, certain regions are experiencing more difficulty than others. For instance, California and Arizona, which typically harbor drier conditions that are exacerbated by climate change, are prime areas that have seen pygmy owl populations decline due to reduced prey and decreased vegetative environments from extreme weather and droughts.
Under the United States Endangered Species Act, the pygmy owl's critical habitat areas are under federal protection, and their recovery plan is being monitored and implemented constantly to foster long term viability. Such rebound plans are happening at the state and local level concurrently. As governments step up their efforts to protect this species from extinction, they are engaging in habitat acquisition to ensure no private activities are harming the pygmy owls. While public campaigns step up to protect this species, the fact of the matter remains that human impact continues to have a colossal influence on the pygmy owls' existence, and their numbers are decreasing at alarming rates.
References
External links
Pygmy owl information
Mountain Pygmy Owl
Mountain Pygmy Owl "eyes in back of head"
Ferruginous pygmy owl
Colima pygmy owl
Eurasian pygmy owl
"Big fight over tiny owl" - CNN/AP article on pygmy owl's endangered species status in Arizona
' Pygmy Owls Archived 2015-07-15 at the Wayback Machine - documentary produced by Oregon Field Guide
The Neblina Pygmy owl - 2018 BBC internet article on new species found in the Pico da Neblina National Park, Brazil
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Pygmy owls are members of the genus Glaucidium. They belong to the typical owl family, Strigidae. The genus consists of 29 species distributed worldwide. These are mostly small owls, and some of the species are called "owlets". The genus includes nocturnal, diurnal, and crepuscular species.
The Northern Pygmy-Owl may be tiny, but it’s a ferocious hunter with a taste for songbirds. These owls are mostly dark brown and white, with long tails, smoothly rounded heads, and piercing yellow eyes.
The Northern Pygmy-Owl may be tiny, but it’s a ferocious hunter with a taste for songbirds. These owls are mostly dark brown and white, with long tails, smoothly rounded heads, and piercing yellow eyes. They hunt during the day by sitting quietly and surprising their prey.
In western forests, this little owl is often active by day. It may fly fast and low from one tree to the next and then swoop up to take a high perch, rather like a shrike. An aggressive hunter despite its small size, it catches more birds than most small owls.
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl is one of the most common, widespread Neotropical owls, ranging from North American deserts to South American rainforests. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls are active during the day, making them easy to find, at least by owl standards.
pygmy owl, any of about 12 species of small owls in the family Strigidae. They are distributed through parts of North and South America and include several African and Southeast Asian species called owlets. Pygmy owls are only about 20 cm (8 inches) long.
Standing just 16-18 centimeters tall, this tiny owl is one of the smallest in North America. But the Pygmy-Owl doesn’t let size stand in its way; this fierce little owl frequently preys on birds and mammals larger than itself. You might see a Pygmy-Owl being harassed by a …
The Northern pygmy owl is a small but ferocious hunter of songbirds that is native to North America. The adult bird is gray, brownish-gray or rufous in color. This owl has a round white spotted head, weakly defined facial disc, and dark upper breast, wings and tail.
19 Jan 2024 · The Northern Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma) is a captivating and diminutive bird of prey that inhabits the coniferous and mixed woodlands of North America. Measuring only 6 to 7 inches in length, this compact owl possesses striking features, including its prominent white facial markings and expressive yellow eyes.
29 Okt 2020 · The Northern Pygmy Owl is a very small woodland Owl with a round, spotted head and no ear-tufts. Grey, red and brown morphs exist, as well as intermediates. Photo Gallery (12 pictures)
