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    Robocopy is a command-line file transfer utility for Microsoft Windows. Robocopy is functionally more comprehensive than the COPY command and XCOPY, but replaces neither. Created by Kevin Allen and first released as part of the Windows NT 4.0 Resource Kit, it has been a standard feature of Windows since Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.


    Features


    Robocopy provides features not found in the built-in Windows COPY and XCOPY commands, including the following:

    Recovering from temporary loss of network connectivity (Incomplete files are marked with a date stamp of 1970-01-01 and contain a recovery record so Robocopy knows where to continue from).
    Detecting and skipping NTFS junction points, which, under certain circumstances, may cause copying failures because of infinite loops (with the /XJ switch).
    Preserving any combination of the following: file contents, attributes, metadata (e.g., original timestamps), NTFS ACLs (DACLs, SACLs, and owner). For example, it is possible to copy ACLs from one file to another. Before version XP026, however, this capability was limited to files only, not folders.
    Utilizing the Windows NT "Backup Files and Directories" privilege (SeBackupPrivilege, normally not available to standard user accounts) to bypass NTFS ACLs that would otherwise impede transfer (requires the /B switch).
    Persistence by default, with a programmable number of automatic retries if a file cannot be copied.
    The mirror mode, which keeps two directory trees synchronized by also deleting files in the destination that are not present in the source.
    Skipping files already in the destination folder with identical size and timestamp.
    Progress indicator
    Support for paths exceeding 259 characters, up to a theoretical limit of about 32,000 characters.
    Multithreaded copying (introduced with Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2).
    Return codes (used in automation).


    = Compression

    =
    Since Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10, Robocopy supports SMB compression for transferring files across a network. If the /compress is specified, the destination computer supports SMB compression, and the files being copied are compressible, the operation enjoys significant performance improvements. The SMB compression adds inline whitespace compression to file transfers. Compression is also available with the XCOPY command and Hyper-V live migration with SMB.


    Examples of use


    Here are some examples of usage, which is not case-sensitive. If more than one option is specified, they must be separated by spaces.

    Example 1
    Copy directory contents of the source Directory A to the destination Directory B (including file data, attributes and timestamps), recursively with empty directories (/E):

    If directory names have non-standard characters, such as spaces, they must be enclosed in double quotes, as is usual in the command line.
    Example 2
    Copy directory recursively (/E), copy all file information (/COPYALL, equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU, D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps, S=Security=NTFS ACLs, O=Owner info, U=Auditing info), do not retry locked files (/R:0) (the number of retries on failed copies default value is 1 million), preserve original directories' Timestamps (/DCOPY:T - requires version XP026 or later):

    Example 3
    Mirror A to B, destroying any files in B that are not present in A (/MIR), copy files in resume mode (/Z) in case network connection is lost:

    For the full reference, see the Microsoft TechNet Robocopy page.


    = Syntactic focus on copying folders

    =
    Robocopy syntax is markedly different from its predecessors (copy and xcopy), in that it accepts only folder names, without trailing backslash, as its source and destination arguments. File names and wildcard characters (such as * and ?) are not valid as source or destination arguments; files may be selected or excluded using the optional "file" filtering argument (which supports wildcards) along with various other options.
    For example, to copy two files from folder c:\bar to c:\baz, the following syntax is used:

    And to copy all PDF files from c:\bar to c:\baz:

    The files named are copied only from the folder selected for copying; fully qualified path names are not supported.
    CAUTION: A long-standing issue with Robocopy means that if you back up from the root folder of a drive [ e.g., robocopy d:\ b:\d-backup\ ....], the destination files will be given attributes including SH. This means that they will be invisible to normal access (including DIR in cmd.exe). To fix this, add /a-:SH to the robocopy command line - or do an ATTRIB command to remove them afterwards.


    Output


    Robocopy outputs to the screen, or optionally to a log file, the names of all the directories it encounters, in alphabetical order. Each name is preceded by the number of files in the directory that fulfill the criteria for being copied. If the directory does not yet exist in the target, it is marked "New Dir"; if the directory is empty and the /E option is not used, or it contains no files meeting the criteria, a new directory will not be created.
    If the /NFL (no file names in log) option is not used, the files being copied will be listed after the name of the directory they are in.
    At the end of the output is a table giving numbers of directories, files, and bytes. For each of these, the table gives the total number found in the source, the number copied (including directories marked "New Dir" even if they are not copied), the number skipped (because they already exist in the target), and the number of mismatches, FAILED, and extras. "Failed" can mean that there was an I/O error that prevented a file being copied, or that access was denied. There is also a row of time taken (in which the time spent on failed files seems to be in the wrong column).


    Bandwidth throttling


    Robocopy's "inter-packet gap" (IPG) option allows some control over the network bandwidth used in a session. In theory, the following formula expresses the delay (D, in milliseconds) required to simulate a desired bandwidth (BD, in kilobits per second), over a network link with an available bandwidth of BA kbps:




    D
    =




    B

    A


    −

    B

    D





    B

    A


    ×

    B

    D





    ×
    512
    ×
    1000


    {\displaystyle D={B_{A}-B_{D} \over B_{A}\times B_{D}}\times 512\times 1000}


    In practice however, some experimentation is usually required to find a suitable delay, due to factors such as the nature and volume of other traffic on the network. The methodology employed by the IPG option may not offer the same level of control provided by some other bandwidth throttling technologies, such as BITS (which is used by Windows Update and BranchCache).


    Limitations


    Robocopy does not copy open files. Any process may open files for exclusive read access by withholding the FILE_SHARE_READ flag during opening. Normally Volume Shadow Copy Service is used for such situations, but Robocopy does not use it. Consequently, Robocopy is not suitable for backing up live operating system volumes. However, a separate utility such as ShadowSpawn (under MIT License) or DiskShadow (included with Windows Server 2008), can be used beforehand to create a shadow copy of a given volume, which Robocopy can then back up.
    Robocopy versions on systems older than Windows Vista do not mirror properly. They ignore changed security attributes of previously mirrored files.
    When specifying the /MT[:n] option to enable multithreaded copying, the /NP option to disable reporting of the progress percentage for files is ignored. By default the MT switch provides 8 threads. The n is the number of threads you specify if you do not want to use the default.


    GUI


    Although Robocopy itself is a command-line tool, Microsoft TechNet provided a GUI front-end called Robocopy GUI. It was developed by Derk Benisch, a systems engineer with the MSN Search group at Microsoft, and required .NET Framework 2.0. It included a copy of Robocopy version XP026. It is no longer available from Microsoft, but may be downloaded from the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine.
    There are non-Microsoft GUIs for Robocopy:

    RoboCopy GUI by PC Assist Software v3.0 (includes job scheduling) (April 19, 2024)
    Cinchoo's ChoEazyCopy, Simple and powerful RoboCopy GUI v2.0.0.1 (March 11, 2022)
    "Easy RoboCopy", latest version 1.0.16 released on January 11, 2022.
    "WinRoboCopy" revision 1.3.5953.40896 released on April 19, 2016.
    RoboCop RoboCopy, Robocopy GUI Skin and script generator with Progress Monitoring, 10 September 2015.
    A program by SH-Soft, also called "Robocopy GUI" v1.0.0.24 (October 8, 2005).
    Ken Tamaru of Microsoft developed a copying program with functionality similar to Robocopy, called RichCopy, this was discontinued in 2010. It is not based on Robocopy, and does not require .NET Framework.


    Versions


    All versions of Robocopy store their version number and release date in their executable file header, viewable with File Explorer or PowerShell. Some of them (not all) report their version numbers in their textual output.


    See also


    List of file copying software
    Command line
    List of DOS commands
    rsync
    GUI
    SyncToy
    Ultracopier


    References




    External links



    Robocopy documentation on Microsoft Learn
    RoboCopy documentation on SS64.com

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robocopy - YouTube

robocopy - YouTube

Robocopy - YouTube

Robocopy - YouTube

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Robocopy much faster! (Easiest Ways) - YouTube

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The Ultimate Guide to Robocopy - YouTube

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How to use Robocopy - Quick Guide and Examples - YouTube

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How To Use Robocopy - mmfasr

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Robocopy GUI – a Key to Using the Robocopy Tool

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How to use robocopy - nsaread

Robocopy Examples

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BackupScript with RoboCopy - The Server Admin

BackupScript with RoboCopy - The Server Admin

9 Best Robocopy Alternatives - Reviews, Features, Pros & Cons ...

9 Best Robocopy Alternatives - Reviews, Features, Pros & Cons ...

9 Best Robocopy Alternatives - Reviews, Features, Pros & Cons ...

9 Best Robocopy Alternatives - Reviews, Features, Pros & Cons ...

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How to use Robocopy to back up all your data in Windows 10: …

Aug 14, 2019 · Robocopy "C:UsersGreg Shultz" "F:TheBackup" /MIR /XA:SH /XD AppData /XJD /R:5 /W:15 At this point, I am ready to add the multi-threaded switch, which enables Robocopy to perform a multi-threaded ...

ROBOCOPY command to do an incremental backup - Super User

robocopy C:\source M:\destination /MIR /FFT /R:3 /W:10 /Z /NP /NDL Parameters explained. The /MIR option (equivalent to /E /PURGE) stands for "mirror" and is the most important option. It regards your source folder as the "master", causing robocopy to copy/mirror any changes in the source (new files, deletions etc.) to the target, which is a ...

Robocopy - Copy directory into another directory - Super User

May 24, 2017 · Use Robocopy (Robust File Copy) robocopy c:\test d:\test /s /e *.* /s switch is for copying all sub directories and /e switch is for copying all the empty sub directories & *.* means (all files).(any extensions) syntax: robocopy source-folder destination-folder files switches Please visit this link for more information about robocopy.

RoboCopy slower than Xcopy? (Windows 10) - Super User

Feb 12, 2023 · Usually, Robocopy will be the faster alternative in most cases however the most significant difference is that robocopy has a retry option where as xcopy does not retry on errors. To verify this use the switch r:0 instead of r:1 (and w:0 …

What does Robocopy mean by tweaked, lonely, and extra?

I found documentation for RoboCopy versions XP010 (Windows XP) and 1.70. If I find documentation for versions XP026 or XP027 (Windows 7), I will link to them here. Edit (danpritts) - They don't specify the version number of robocopy but here are (less detailed) Windows 7/8/2008/2012 robocopy Docs

windows - How to speed up robocopy - Super User

Jun 8, 2017 · Can I add any options to increase the performance of the robocopy command? The following options will change the performance of robocopy: /J: Copy using unbuffered I/O (recommended for large files). /NOOFFLOAD: Copy files without using the Windows Copy Offload mechanism. /R:n: Number of Retries on failed copies - default is 1 million.

how to copy file/folder and preserve their creation date on …

Oct 22, 2022 · One such free tool is Robocopy, which is a built-in command-line tool in Windows. It has a switch (/DCOPY:T) that allows you to preserve the original timestamps, including creation time, when copying files and folders. To use Robocopy, you can open a Command Prompt window and type the following command:

windows - How do I create a log of robocopy actions and save in …

Oct 20, 2015 · You can just call robocopy in PowerShell or batch command file and do your file manipulation and have it create the log, then rename the log file on the next line. The example: Rename-Item -Path "C:\logs\robocopy.log" -NewName "robocopy-$(Get-Date -F yyyy.MM.dd)$($_.Extension).log" The result will be a dated file like this: robocopy-2021.06.22.log

Are there any Pros/Cons to the /j Robocopy option (unbuffered …

When I copy (using windows explorer, not robocopy) from fast HDD to external (slow) USB drive on a system with 18GB RAM (read: lots of memory which can be used as disk buffer) I often ran into situations where reading source files was done, yet unmounting the slow USB2 disk took about 45 minutes while cache was being flushed.

ROBOCOPY - Create Backup Script | Tutorials - Windows 7 Help …

Sep 18, 2011 · Many users, however, are unaware of an inbuilt Windows 7 command called ROBOCOPY (Robust File Copy) that allows users to create simple or highly advanced backup strategies. In its simplist form, ROBOCOPY can be likened to an extension of XCOPY on steroids. Some of the more important features that make ROBOCOPY an attractive backup alternative are: