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      • Ryanodine is a poisonous diterpenoid found in the South American plant Ryania speciosa (Salicaceae). It was originally used as an insecticide.
      The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium channels found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle cells. It binds with such high affinity to the receptor that it was used as a label for the first purification of that class of ion channels and gave its name to it.
      At nanomolar concentrations, ryanodine locks the receptor in a half-open state, whereas it fully closes them at micromolar concentration. The effect of the nanomolar-level binding is that ryanodine causes release of calcium from calcium stores as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, leading to massive muscle contractions. The effect of micromolar-level binding is paralysis. This is true for both mammals and insects.


      See also


      Diamide insecticides, a class of insecticides with the same mechanism of action as ryanodine
      Ryanodine receptor
      Dihydropyridine channel


      References




      Further reading


      Santulli, Gaetano; Marks, Andrew (2015). "Essential Roles of Intracellular Calcium Release Channels in Muscle, Brain, Metabolism, and Aging". Current Molecular Pharmacology. 8 (2): 206–222. doi:10.2174/1874467208666150507105105. PMID 25966694.
      Bertil Hille, Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes, 2nd edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 01375, ISBN 0-87893-323-9

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    Ryanodine - Wikipedia

    Ryanodine is a poisonous diterpenoid found in the South American plant Ryania speciosa . It was originally used as an insecticide. The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium channels found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle cells. [1]

    Ryanodine receptor - Wikipedia

    Ryanodine receptors (RyR for short) form a class of intracellular calcium channels in various forms of excitable animal tissue like muscles and neurons. [1] There are three major isoforms of the ryanodine receptor, which are found in different tissues and participate in different signaling pathways involving calcium release from intracellular ...

    Physiology, Ryanodine Receptor - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    26 Sep 2022 · A ryanodine receptor is a homotetrameric channel with a molecular mass of more than 2.2 megadaltons.[1] It is the largest known ion channel and gets its name from one of its exogenous ligands, ryanodine, an alkaloid plant toxin from Ryania speciosa.[2]

    Ryanodine Receptors: Structure and Function - PMC

    Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are huge ion channels that are responsible for the release of Ca 2+ from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. RyRs form homotetramers with a mushroom-like shape, consisting of a large cytoplasmic head and transmembrane stalk.

    Structure and Function of the Human Ryanodine Receptors and ...

    Ryanodine receptors represent a challenge due to their size, complexity and physiological importance: they are connected with many cellular processes and, as a consequence, interact with many cellular proteins and other ligands, often in a specific cascade or in tandem.

    Ryanodine receptors: structure and function - PubMed

    14 Sep 2012 · Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are huge ion channels that are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. RyRs form homotetramers with a mushroom-like shape, consisting of a large cytoplasmic head and transmembrane stalk.

    Ryanodine Receptors: Structure, Expression, Molecular Details ...

    Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are responsible for the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores during excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle.

    Ryanodine - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    Ryanodine is an alkaloid derived from the South American plant Ryania speciosa. It exerts powerful insecticidal effects. In both vertebrates and insects, it acts at the level of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) influencing Ca ++ sequestration.