sacral plexus

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      In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). A sacral plexopathy is a disorder affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, usually caused by trauma, nerve compression, vascular disease, or infection. Symptoms may include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits.


      Structure


      The sacral plexus is formed by:

      the lumbosacral trunk
      the anterior division of the first sacral nerve
      portions of the anterior divisions of the second and third sacral nerves
      The nerves forming the sacral plexus converge toward the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, and unite to form a flattened band, from the anterior and posterior surfaces of which several branches arise.
      The band itself is continued as the sciatic nerve, which splits on the back of the thigh into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve; these two nerves sometimes arise separately from the plexus, and in all cases their independence can be shown by dissection. Often, the sacral plexus and the lumbar plexus are considered to be one large nerve plexus, the lumbosacral plexus. The lumbosacral trunk connects the two plexuses.


      = Relations

      =
      The sacral plexus lies on the back of the pelvis in front of the piriformis muscle and the pelvic fascia. In front of it are the internal iliac artery, internal iliac vein, the ureter, and the sigmoid colon. The superior gluteal artery and vein run between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and the inferior gluteal artery and vein between the second and third sacral nerves.


      Nerves formed


      All the nerves entering the plexus, with the exception of the third sacral, split into ventral and dorsal divisions, and the nerves arising from these are as follows of the table below:


      Additional images

















      See also


      Cervical plexus
      Brachial plexus
      Lumbar plexus
      Coccygeal plexus
      Lumbosacral plexus
      Nerve plexus
      Sciatic nerve
      Pudendal nerve
      Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
      Superior gluteal nerve
      Inferior gluteal nerve


      Notes




      References



      This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 957 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

      Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme. 2006. ISBN 1-58890-419-9.


      External links



      Lumbosacral+Plexus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
      Cross section image: pembody/body15a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
      MedicalMnemonics.com: 3544 2382

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    Sacral plexus - Wikipedia

    In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). [1]

    Sacral plexus: Anatomy, branches and mnemonics - Kenhub

    Oct 30, 2023 · The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4). The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.

    The Sacral Plexus - Spinal Nerves - Branches - TeachMeAnatomy

    Jul 8, 2023 · The sacral plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and muscles of the pelvis and lower limb. It is located on the surface of the posterior pelvic wall, anterior to the piriformis muscle.

    The Sacral Plexus: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment - Verywell …

    Apr 28, 2023 · Often described as part of the lumbosacral plexus, the sacral plexus is located lower in the body than any of the other nerve plexi. The sacral plexus is formed by the lowest lumbar spinal nerves, L4 and L5, as well as sacral nerves S1 through S4.

    Sacral Plexus - Physiopedia

    The sacral plexus is situated on the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity, lying anterior to the Piriformis. The sacral contributions pass out of the anterior sacral foramina and course laterally & inferiorly on the pelvic wall.

    Sacral plexus - Anatomy, Structure, Function, Location, Diagram

    Jan 22, 2025 · The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the union of the ventral rami of the L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, and a part of S4 spinal nerves. It is responsible for supplying nerves to the pelvis, lower limb, and parts of the genital and urinary systems.

    Sacral plexus | Radiology Reference Article - Radiopaedia.org

    Sep 5, 2024 · The sacral plexus forms on the anterior belly of the piriformis muscle and is formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4-5) of the lumbar plexus, which enters the pelvis coursing medially to psoas major and unites with the ventral rami of the S1 to S4 nerve roots, which emerge from the anterior foramina of the sacrum. It forms a triangular shape with ...

    Sacral Plexus Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Natural Variants - Medscape

    Dec 23, 2024 · The sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) is a nerve plexus that provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot, and part of the pelvis (see the...

    Sacral Plexopathy: Signs, Causes, Types and Treatment

    Sacral plexopathy is a condition that affects the network of nerves in the lower back, known as the sacral plexus. This can lead to various symptoms due to nerve dysfunction in the pelvic area and legs.

    Anatomy of the Lumbar and Sacral Plexus - TeachMe Orthopedics

    Jan 11, 2025 · The sacral plexus is formed by the anterior sacral roots from S1 to S3, and the lumbar roots from L5 are associated with an anastomotic branch from L4 (furcal nerve).