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A sāmaṇera (Pali; Sanskrit: श्रामणेर, romanized: śrāmaṇera), is a novice male monk in a Buddhist context. A female novice nun is in Pali: sāmaṇerī, and in Sanskrit: śrāmaṇerī or śrāmaṇerikā. In Tibetan Buddhism, a female novice nun is known by the Tibetan language term getsulma, and a male novice monk is a getsul.




Etymology


The sāmaṇera is a Pali language diminutive equivalent to the Sanskrit term śrāmaṇera, which indicates an ascetic practitioner. Therefore, sāmaṇera might be said to mean "small or young renunciate (ascetic)". In some South and Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions, the term refers to someone who has taken the initial pravrajya vows but not the upasampada or full ordination. The pratimokṣa rules do not apply to them and they do not take part in the recital of the rules on uposatha days.
The Sanskrit word śrāmaṇerikā is the feminine form of Sanskrit: śrāmaṇera.




History


The account provided in the literature of South Asian Buddhism (and adopted by other Buddhist traditions) is that when Gautama Buddha's son Rāhula was seven years old, he followed the Buddha, saying "Give me my inheritance." The Buddha called Sariputta and asked him to ordain Rāhula, who became the first sāmaṇera.The King (Suddhodana), discovering that now his grandson and a number of young men in the royal family had requested ordination, asked the Buddha only to ordain a minor with the consent of his parents or guardian. The Buddha assented. This rule was expanded to include the spouses of those intending to join the Order of monks and nuns.




Overview



In the Vinaya (monastic regulations) used by many South Asian Buddhist sects, a man under the age of 20 cannot be ordained as a bhikṣu (monk) but can be ordained as a sāmaṇera. Sāmaṇeras (and sāmaṇerīs – the equivalent term for girls) keep the Ten Precepts as their code of behaviour and devote themselves to the religious life during breaks from secular schooling, or in conjunction with it if devoted to formal ordination. In other cultures and Buddhist traditions (particularly Northeast Asia, and those in the West that derive from these lineages), monks take different sets of vows and follow different customary rules.
The Ten Precepts upheld by sāmaṇeras are:

Refrain from killing or harming living things.
Refrain from stealing.
Refrain from unchastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust).
Refrain from lying.
Refrain from taking intoxicants.
Refrain from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon).
Refrain from singing, dancing, playing music or attending entertainment programs (performances).
Refrain from wearing perfume, cosmetics and garland (decorative accessories).
Refrain from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds.
Refrain from accepting money.
Ordination differs between sāmaṇeras and srāmaṇerīs.




Transition to full ordination


After a year or at the age of 20, a sāmaṇera will be considered for the upasampada or higher ordination as a bhikṣu. Some monasteries will require people who want to ordain as a monk to be a novice for a set period of time, as a period of preparation and familiarization.




Ordination of women



The novice ordination of women, according to the traditional vinaya, is conferred by monks, and by nuns when possible. Novice nuns (Standard Tibetan: getsulma, or Sanskrit: śrāmaṇeras and śrāmaṇeris) honor their vows of the Ten Precepts as their code of behaviour.
After a year or at the age of 20, a novice nun can be ordained as a full bhikṣuṇī (Pali: bhikkhunī). The ordination rituals depend on the nun's specific tradition of Buddhism, while the number of their precepts increases substantially.




See also






References






External links


The Bhikkhunis' Code of Discipline (Bhikkhunī Pāṭimokkha') Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
Buddhist Monastic Code II: Bhikkhunis
the website of Bhante Sujato's Writings contains several (ancient and modern) texts on the role and ordination of women in Buddhism.
Bhikkhuni committee of the ASA includes a large resource of articles regarding Bhikkhunis
"Female Monks In Buddhism", by Dhammacaro (07/23/2005).
"Vinaya Pitaka", brief description includes "Order of ordination for men and women...."

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Samanera

Samanera - Wikipedia

Theravada Buddhism Novice Samanera - Free photo on Pixabay

Theravada Buddhism Novice Samanera - Free photo on Pixabay

Theravada Buddhism Samanera Novice - Free photo on Pixabay - Pixabay

Theravada Buddhism Samanera Monk - Free photo on Pixabay - Pixabay

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samanera

Daftar Isi

• Samanera - Wikipedia
• Śrāmaṇera - Encyclopedia of Buddhism
• The discipline of the novices - dhammadana.org
• Samanera, Sāmaṇera: 4 definitions - Wisdom Library
• MeaningSamanera: Significance and symbolism - Wisdom Library
• Samanera - Buddhism Guide
• Samanera Bodhesako - Wikipedia
• Samaneri - Dhamma Wiki
• Samanera - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
• samanera | The Pluralism Project

Samanera - Wikipedia

The sāmaṇera is a Pali language diminutive equivalent to the Sanskrit term śrāmaṇera, which indicates an ascetic practitioner.Therefore, sāmaṇera might be said to mean "small or young …

Śrāmaṇera - Encyclopedia of Buddhism

A śrāmaṇera (P. sāmaṇera; T. dge tshul དགེ་ཚུལ་; C. shami) is a novice monk in the Buddhist tradition. A female novitiate is called a śrāmaṇerī or śrāmaṇerikā (P. sāmaṇerī).The novice …

The discipline of the novices - dhammadana.org

Which discipline are novices liable to observe? Each sāmaṇera is liable to observe 10 precepts and 75 sekhiyas.If a sāmaṇera breaks one of the first five among the 10 precepts, he looses …

Samanera, Sāmaṇera: 4 definitions - Wisdom Library

Feb 15, 2018 · novice monk(s) Whereas a bhikkhu is a fully ordained monk who follows 227 precepts, a samanera is a 10 precept novice (who nevertheless wears the same …

MeaningSamanera: Significance and symbolism - Wisdom Library

Feb 6, 2025 · Samanera in Buddhism refers to young male novices in training within the monastic community, preparing for full ordination as bhikkhus. They receive guidance and support while …

Samanera - Buddhism Guide

In Buddhist context, a samanera (also spelled shramanera) is a male novice monk who has devoted himself to a religious life and vowed to uphold the ten precepts. After a year or at the …

Samanera Bodhesako - Wikipedia

Sāmanera Bodhesako (born Robert Smith, 1939–1988; known also as Ven. Vinayadhara and Ven. Ñāṇasuci in his early monastic life) was an American Buddhist monk.Born in Detroit, …

Samaneri - Dhamma Wiki

Aug 27, 2009 · The male counterpart of the samaneri is the samanera. Samaneris and samaneras keep the 10 precepts as their code of behavior, and are devoted to the Buddhist religious life. …

Samanera - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Samanera. In Buddhist context, a samanera (Pali: IAST|sāmaṇera, Sanskrit: IAST|śrāmaṇera) can be translated as novice monk. It literally means 'small samana', or small renunciate, where …

samanera | The Pluralism Project

In the Buddhist tradition, samanera, or novice monk, refers to the first of two levels of ordination. In the Theravada tradition, a man may become a novice as the first stage toward becoming a …