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In relational databases, a condition (or predicate) in a query is said to be sargable if the DBMS engine can take advantage of an index to speed up the execution of the query. The term is derived from a contraction of Search ARGument ABLE. It was first used by IBM researchers as a contraction of Search ARGument, and has come to mean simply "can be looked up by an index."1
For database query optimizers, sargable is an important property in OLTP workloads because it suggests a good query plan can be obtained by a simple heuristic2 matching query to indexes instead of a complex, time-consuming cost-based search, thus it is often desired to write sargable queries. A query failing to be sargable is known as a non-sargable query and typically has a negative effect on query time, so one of the steps in query optimization is to convert them to be sargable. The effect is similar to searching for a specific term in a book that has no index, beginning at page one each time, instead of jumping to a list of specific pages identified in an index.
The typical situation that will make a SQL query non-sargable is to include in the WHERE clause a function operating on a column value. The WHERE clause is not the only clause where sargability can matter; it can also have an effect on ORDER BY, GROUP BY and HAVING clauses. The SELECT clause, on the other hand, can contain non-sargable expressions without adversely affecting the performance.
Some database management systems, for instance PostgreSQL, support functional indices. Conceptually, an index is simply a mapping between a value and one or more locations. With a functional index, the value stored in the index is the output of the function specified when the index is created. This capability expands what is sargable beyond base column expressions.

Sargable operators: =, >, <, >=, <=, BETWEEN, LIKE, IS [NOT] NULL, IN
Sargable operators that rarely improve performance: <>, NOT, NOT IN, NOT LIKE




Simple example


WHERE clauses that are sargable typically have field values on the left of the operator, and scalar values or expressions on the right side of the operator.
Not sargable:

This is not sargable because myIntField is embedded in a function. If any indexes were available on myIntField, they could not be used. In addition, SQRT() would be called on every record in myTable.
Sargable version:

This is sargable because myIntField is NOT contained in a function, making any available indexes on myIntField potentially usable. Furthermore, the expression is evaluated only once, rather than for each record in the table.




Text example


WHERE ... LIKE clauses that are sargable have field values on the left of the operator, and LIKE text strings that do not begin with the % on the right.
Not sargable:

This is not sargable. It must examine every row to find the fields containing the substring 'Wales' in any position.
Sargable version:

This is sargable. It can use an index to find all the myNameField values that start with the substring 'Jimmy'.




See also


Block Range Index
Query optimization




Notes


^1 Gulutzan and Pelzer, (Chapter 2, Simple "Searches")
^2 gives an example of such simple heuristic.




External links


SQL Shack - How to use sargable expressions in T-SQL queries; performance advantages and examples
DBA.StackExchange.com - What does the word “SARGable” really mean?




References



SQL Performance Tuning by Peter Gulutzan, Trudy Pelzer (Addison Wesley, 2002) ISBN 0-201-79169-2 (Chapter 2, Simple "Searches")
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Internals by Kalen Delaney, Connor Cunningham, Jonathan Kehayias, Benjamin Nevarez, Paul S. Randal (O'Reily, 2013) ISBN 978-0-7356-5856-1 (Chapter 11, The Query Optimizer)

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Daftar Isi

• What makes a SQL statement sargable? - Stack Overflow
• terminology - What does the word "SARGable" really mean?
• sql server - Cast to date is sargable but is it a good idea?
• Is this date comparison condition SARG-able in SQL?
• Is <> SARGable or not? If not, what can I use instead?
• t sql - Convert to SARGable query - Stack Overflow
• Sargable queries using ISNULL in TSQL - Stack Overflow
• Is COALESCE sargable now? - Database Administrators Stack …
• SQL Server: compare only month and day - SARGable
• sql server - SARGable WHERE clause for two date columns

What makes a SQL statement sargable? - Stack Overflow

Oct 5, 2020 · Having free-text fields instead of "lookup tables" also goes against the spirit of making a query sargable. Users misspell stuff when entering free-text (e.g. town name), whereas lookup-tables force users to choose a correctly spelled entry.

terminology - What does the word "SARGable" really mean?

Jan 26, 2017 · A sargable predicate is one of form (or which can be put into the form) "column comparison-operator value". SARGS are expressed as a boolean expression of such predicates in disjunctive normal form. In other words, a sargable predicate is such that can be resolved by the storage engine (access method) by directly observing the table or index ...

sql server - Cast to date is sargable but is it a good idea?

Feb 4, 2013 · The mechanism behind the sargability of casting to date is called dynamic seek.. SQL Server calls an internal function GetRangeThroughConvert to get the start and end of the range.

Is this date comparison condition SARG-able in SQL?

Jun 1, 2012 · Is this condition sargable? AND DATEDIFF(month,p.PlayerStatusLastTransitionDate,@now) BETWEEN 1 AND 7) My rule of thumb is that a function on the left makes condition non sargable.. but in some places I have read that BETWEEN clause is sargable. So does any one know for sure? For reference: What …

Is <> SARGable or not? If not, what can I use instead?

Mar 19, 2013 · "Sargable operators that rarely improve performance: <>,IN,OR,NOT IN, NOT EXISTS, NOT LIKE" An operator like = is more likely to give good performance becauce the database can look up a single or a limited number of records from an index.

t sql - Convert to SARGable query - Stack Overflow

Dec 20, 2018 · Such a filter is sargable if: You don’t apply manipulation to the filtered column. The operator identifies a consecutive range of qualifying rows in the index. That’s the case with operators like =, >, >=, <, <=, BETWEEN, LIKE with a known prefix, and so on. That’s not the case with operators like <>, LIKE with a wildcard as a prefix.

Sargable queries using ISNULL in TSQL - Stack Overflow

Sep 11, 2015 · C.Account <> '' is equivalent to ISNULL( c.Account, '' ) <> '' SQL Server is probably smart enough to translate IsNull into the equivalent SARG expression but if you are bent on using a function, then Coalesce is a better choice because it is part of the SQL Standard, allows for multiple values (instead of just two with IsNull) and avoids using quite possibly the most …

Is COALESCE sargable now? - Database Administrators Stack …

Jan 24, 2017 · ISNULL is marginally more sargable in that if it is totally redundant it can be optimised out and not prevent a seek. i.e. if the column Mod6 is defined as NOT NULL then the following can produce a seek. SELECT Mod6 FROM Test WHERE ISNULL(Mod6, 0) = 0; But this of course doesn't supply any benefit over just doing. WHERE Mod6 = 0

SQL Server: compare only month and day - SARGable

Feb 14, 2018 · This, as you can see, is a more SARGable query. If you want to deal with Leap Years, you could add a little more logic using a CASE expression: SELECT dob.[YourColumn] FROM dob JOIN CalendarTable CT ON dob.DateOfBirth = CT.CalendarDate WHERE CT.MonthNo = @MonthValue AND CASE WHEN DATEPART(YEAR, GETDATE()) % 4 != 0 …

sql server - SARGable WHERE clause for two date columns

Mar 17, 2016 · In order for your query to be SARGable, you'd have to basically construct a query that can pinpoint a starting row in a range of consecutive rows in an index. With the index ix_dates , the rows are not ordered by the date difference between DateCol1 and DateCol2 , so your target rows could be spread out anywhere in the index.