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      Scottish Command or Army Headquarters Scotland (from 1972) is a command of the British Army.


      History




      = Early history

      =

      Great Britain was divided into military districts on the outbreak of war with France in 1793. The Scottish District was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 8th Corps was to be formed within Scottish Command, based at Edinburgh. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.


      = Early twentieth century

      =
      The 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, VI Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Scottish Command, with HQ at Edinburgh. Lieutenant General Sir Charles Tucker was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of VI Corps in April 1903. Scottish Command was established in 1905 at Edinburgh Castle but moved to Craigiehall in 1955.


      = First World War

      =
      Army Order No 324, issued on 21 August 1914, authorised the formation of a 'New Army' of six Divisions, manned by volunteers who had responded to Earl Kitchener's appeal (hence the First New Army was known as 'K1'). Each division was to be under the administration of one of the Home Commands, and Scottish Command formed what became the 9th (Scottish) Division. It was followed by 15th (Scottish) Division of K2 in September 1914. The 64th (2nd Highland) Division was established in the Command by 1915 after the departure of 51st (Highland) Division for France.


      = Second World War

      =
      In September 1939 consisted of Highland Area with 9th (Highland) Infantry Division and 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, and Lowland Area with 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division and 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, plus other troops. By 1940 during the Battle of Britain the command was responsible to Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces.
      As France was capitulating, General Władysław Sikorski. the Polish commander-in-chief and prime minister, was able to evacuate many Polish troops—probably over 20,000—to the United Kingdom. After initially regrouping in southern Scotland these Polish ground units (as I Corps, comprising the 1st Independent Rifle Brigade, the 10th Motorised Cavalry Brigade (as infantry) and cadre brigades largely manned by surplus officers at battalion strength) took over responsibility in October 1940 for the defence of the counties of Fife and Angus; this included reinforcing coastal defences that had already been started. I Corps was under the direct command of Scottish Command. While in this area the Corps was reorganised and expanded.


      = Post War

      =
      In 1950, the 51st/52nd (Scottish) Division was split, restoring the independence of the 52nd Lowland Division, which took regional command of Territorial Army units based in the Scottish Lowlands, including the Territorial infantry battalions of the Lowland Brigade regiments.
      In 1948, the 9th Special Communications Unit was formed in Forfar administered by Scottish Command. The 30th Armoured Brigade was reformed in Scotland after the war as a fully Territorial Army formation, known as the 30th (Lowland) Independent Armoured Brigade. It was headquartered in Glasgow.

      In 1955, Headquarters Scottish Command moved into modern facilities at Craigiehall, close to Cramond, around 9 km (5.6 mi) west of central Edinburgh. At this time, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief had 92 separate locations under his command, with 2,500 regular service men and women and 8,800 members of the Territorial Army, representing 14% of the total across the UK.
      The Command was merged into HQ United Kingdom Land Forces (HQ UKLF) in 1972 and the headquarters in Scotland was downgraded to the status of a district, known as Army Headquarters Scotland. Scotland continued to have district status until 2000 when the last General Officer Commanding Scotland stood down and the Army HQ Scotland was replaced by HQ 2nd Infantry Division with control of troops in Scotland and the North of England.


      General Officers Commanding


      Commanders-in-Chief have included:


      = Commander-in-Chief, Scottish Army

      =
      1661–1663: John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton
      1663–1667: John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes
      1667–1674: George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow (acting)
      1674–1677: Sir George Munro
      1677–1679: George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow
      1679–1679: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch
      1679–1685: Thomas Dalyell
      1685–1685: George Douglas, 1st Earl of Dumbarton
      1685–1688: William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan
      1688–1688: James Douglas
      1689–1690: Hugh Mackay
      1690–1697: Sir Thomas Livingstone, Viscount Teviot


      = Commander-in-Chief, Scotland (or North Britain)

      =
      1702–1705: George Ramsay
      1706–1710: David Melville, 3rd Earl of Leven
      1710–1712: David Colyear, 1st Earl of Portmore
      1712–1716: John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll
      1716–1724: George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter
      1724–1740: George Wade
      ...
      1743–1745: Sir John Cope
      1745–1745: Roger Handasyd
      1745–1746: Henry Hawley (Prince William, Duke of Cumberland in overall command)
      1746–1747: William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle
      1747–1752: Humphrey Bland
      1752–1753: George Churchill
      1753–1756: Humphrey Bland
      1756–1767: Lord George Beauclerk
      1767–1778: John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
      1778–1780: Sir James Adolphus Oughton
      1780–1787: Alexander Mackay
      ...
      1789–1798: Lord Adam Gordon
      1798–1799: Sir Ralph Abercromby
      ...
      1803–1806: Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira
      1806–1812: William Cathcart, 1st Viscount Cathcart
      1812–1816: Henry Wynyard
      1816–1819: Sir John Hope
      1819–1825: Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Bradford
      1825–1830: Lieutenant-General Sir Robert O'Callaghan
      1830–1837: General Patrick Stuart
      1837–1842: General Lord Greenock
      1842–1847: Lieutenant-General Sir Neil Douglas
      1847–1852: General Henry Riddell
      1852–1854: General Sir Thomas Napier
      1854–1860: General Viscount Melville
      1860–1861: Major-General Duncan Cameron
      1861–1867: Major-General Edward Forestier-Walker


      = Commanding the troops in the North British District

      =
      1868–1873: Major-General Randal Rumley
      1873–1875: Major-General Sir John Douglas
      1875–1878: Major-General John Stuart
      1878–1880: Major-General Robert Bruce
      1880–1881: Major-General William Hope
      1881–1885: Major-General Alastair Macdonald
      1885–1888: Major-General Alexander Elliot
      1888–1893: Major-General Sir Arthur Lyttelton-Annesley


      = Commanding the troops in the Scottish District

      =
      1893–1894: Major-General Arthur Lyon Fremantle
      1894–1896: Major-General Sir Hugh Rowlands


      = General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Scottish District

      =
      1896 – 1901 Lieutenant General Sir Edward Chapman
      1901 – 1903 Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Hunter
      1903 – 1905 Lieutenant General Sir Charles Tucker


      = General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Scottish Command

      =
      1905 Lieutenant General Sir Charles Tucker
      1905 – 1909 Lieutenant General Sir Edward Leach
      1909 – 1913 Lieutenant General Sir Bruce Hamilton
      1913 – 1914 Lieutenant General Sir James Wolfe Murray
      1914 – 1918 Lieutenant General Sir Spencer Ewart
      1918 – 1919 Lieutenant General Sir Frederick McCracken
      1919 – 1923 Lieutenant General Sir Francis Davies
      1923 – 1926 Lieutenant General Sir Walter Braithwaite
      1926 – 1930 Lieutenant General Sir William Peyton
      1930 – 1933 General Sir Percy Radcliffe
      1933 – 1937 General Sir Archibald Cameron
      1937 – 1940 General Sir Charles Grant
      1940 – 1941 Lieutenant General Sir Harold Carrington
      1941 – 1945 Lieutenant General Sir Andrew Thorne
      1945 – 1947 Lieutenant General Sir Neil Ritchie
      1947 – 1949 Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison
      1949 – 1952 Lieutenant General Sir Gordon MacMillan
      1952 – 1955 Lieutenant General Sir Colin Barber
      1955 – 1958 Lieutenant General Sir Horatius Murray
      1958 – 1961 Lieutenant General Sir George Collingwood
      1961 – 1964 Lieutenant General Sir William Turner
      1964 – 1966 Lieutenant General Sir George Gordon-Lennox
      1966 – 1969 Lieutenant General Sir Derek Lang
      1969 – 1972 Lieutenant General Sir Henry Leask


      = General Officer Commanding, Scotland

      =
      1972 – 1976 Lieutenant General Sir Chandos Blair
      1976 – 1979 Lieutenant General Sir David Scott-Barrett
      1979 – 1980 Lieutenant General Sir Michael Gow
      1980 – 1982 Lieutenant General Sir David Young
      1982 – 1985 Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Boswell
      1985 – 1988 Lieutenant General Sir Norman Arthur
      1988 – 1991 Lieutenant General Sir John MacMillan
      1991 – 1993 Lieutenant General Sir Peter Graham
      1993 – 1995 Major-General Michael Scott
      1995 – 1997 Major-General Jonathan Hall
      1997 – 2000 Major-General Mark Strudwick
      Note: There was no General Officer Commanding, Scotland between 2000 and 2012
      2012 – 2015 Major-General Nick Eeles


      = Military Secretary and General Officer, Scotland

      =
      2015–2017 Major-General Nicholas Ashmore
      2017–2019 Major-General Bob Bruce
      2019–2021 Major-General Tim Hyams
      2021–2023 Major-General William Wright
      2023–present Major-General Robin Lindsay


      References

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