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- Seed Treatment: Overview, Seed Treatment Types
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A seed treatment is a treatment of the seed with either chemical agents or biological or by physical methods. Usually done to provide protection to the seed and improve the establishment of healthy crops.
Not to be confused with a seed coating.
In agriculture and horticulture, coating of the seed is the process of applying exogenous materials to the seed. Also referred to as seed dressing.
A seed coating is the layer of material added to the seed, which may or may not contain a "protectant" (biological or chemical pesticide) or biostimulant applied to the seed and possibly some color... By the amount of material added, it can be divided into:
A Film coating, a layer of thin film applied to the seed typically less than 10% of the mass of the original seed.
Encrustment, where the applied material is typically 100%–500% of the original seed mass, but the shape is still discernible.
Pellet, where the applied material is so thick that the seed's original shape is not discernible.
Seed coating provides the following functions:
For formulations with pesticides, direct application to seeds can be environmentally more friendly, as the amounts used can be very small.
Color makes treated seed less attractive to birds, and easier to see and clean up in the case of an accidental spillage.
A thick coating can improve handling, by hand or by machine. Thinner coatings may also help with characteristics like flowability.
Thick coatings may accommodate additional features such as fertilizers, plant hormones, plant-beneficial microbes, and water-retaining polymers.
Specialist machinery is required to safely and efficiently apply the chemical to the seed. A cement mixer is enough for non-hazardous coating materials. The term "seed dressing" is also used to refer to the process of removing chaff, weed seeds and straw from a seed stock.
History
The earliest seed dressings were of organo-mercurials used to control pests such as oat smut and bunt of wheat. These were available from the 1930s but were ineffective on Pythium and Fusarium species which are pathogens of many crops including cotton, maize and soya. Thiram was therefore developed as a seed treatment in the 1940s to extend the spectrum of diseases that could be controlled.
In 1949 ICI commercialised a seed treatment with trade name Mergamma A, containing 1% mercury and 20% lindane, an early example of a product designed to protect the seed from both fungal and insect attack.
Biocide
One seed pesticide, imidacloprid, from the neonicotinoid family of insecticides, is controversial and was banned in France for use on maize, due to that government's belief that the chemical was implicated in recent dramatic drops in bee counts, and possibly in Colony Collapse Disorder. Dust from treated seed is known to have caused at least some health and safety problems particularly from crops such as maize drilled during the main honey flows. Improvements to pneumatic drills to reduce dust release, and improvements to seed treatment compounds to prevent the compound breaking up into dust (dust-off) have been introduced in Europe led by Germany and the Netherlands from 2009 to 2012. Information on seed treatments including the information above can be seen on the registration authority databases.
In order to qualify for the United States Department of Agriculture Organic certification, farmers must seek out organic seed. If they cannot find organic seed, they are allowed to use conventional, untreated seed. Seed treated with pesticide however, is never allowed.
Water-retainer
Water-absorbing polymers may be added around seeds to help with absorbing water dry conditions, or to delay the germination until drought has passed. It has seen some use in the industry.
Fertilizer
Seed coating may contain a dose of fertilizer, typically of plant micronutrients, but also occasionally containing slow-release macronutrients.
Inoculum
A sufficiently-thick seed coating can allow for seeds to be distributed pre-inoculated with symbiotic microbes such as rhizobia for legumes. The formulation of the coating slurry plays a huge role in maintaining the viability of these microbes. The state-of-the-art academic formulation (as of 2019) is able to maintain microbial populations for 9 months, quite a bit behind the viability of the seeds themselves. Despite these drawbacks, inocula have been used in commercially coated seeds, with much obscurity as to whether and how they maintain viability.
See also
Seed ball, pelleting of many seeds
References
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Seed-Treatment - Advanced Crop and Nutrition
Seed Treatment Education - The Alberta Seed Guide
Seed Treatment Education - The Alberta Seed Guide
Seed treatment – VitalFluid
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Seed Treatment - Fungicide, herbicide and other seed dressing services.
"Seed Treatment" Images – Browse 1,685 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video ...
"Seed Treatment" Images – Browse 1,666 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video ...
"Seed Treatment" Images – Browse 1,685 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video ...
Seed Treatment: Biological & Chemical Enhancement Methods
Seed Treatment: Types, Methods & Benefits | Verdesian
seed treatment
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Seed Treatment: Overview, Seed Treatment Types
Aug 22, 2023 · Seed treatment refers to the application of biological, physical and chemical agents and techniques that can be applied to seeds to provide them protection. Seed …
Seed treatment - Wikipedia
A seed treatment is a treatment of the seed with either chemical agents or biological or by physical methods. Usually done to provide protection to the seed and improve the …
Seed Treatment: Types, Methods & Benefits | Verdesian
Jun 25, 2024 · Seed treatment is the application of nutritional seed supplements, biological organisms, or physical processes to seeds to improve their performance. Seed treatments aim …
Seed Treatment: Biological & Chemical Enhancement Methods
Mar 4, 2022 · Different methods of seed treatment comprise: separation of viable seeds. This protection method controls fungal diseases like smuts, rots, or seedling blights. Seed …
Seed Treatments - Benefits & Proven Value | Crop Science US
Jul 25, 2018 · Learn how seed treatments provide good early-season control of these seed and seedling pathogens in soybeans, as well as corn, cotton and wheat.
Treated seeds vs. untreated seeds: What’s the difference?
Feb 13, 2024 · Seed treatments offer an economical and sustainable way to boost food security. Treatments help to maximize yield potential, improve crop health and vigor, reduce the need …
SEED TREATMENT - e-Krishi Shiksha
ents to seeds. The main objective is to achieve the high vigour to overcome unfavourable soil reactions. eg.) seed fortification with MnSO4 @ 0.5 to 1 %. will improve oxidation - reduction …
Seed Treatment - International Seed Federation - World Seed
Seed treatments are the biological, physical and chemical agents and techniques applied to seed to provide protection and improve the establishment of healthy crops. Optimizing production …
Guide to Seed Treatments - Harris Seeds
Treatment is applied under controlled conditions, in a commonly recognized fashion, at the manufacturer’s recommended rate. Treated seed is usually a bright color to help growers …
Seed Treatments 101 - Stine Seed
Three main components make up seed treatments: fungicides, insecticides and additives. Applied as seed treatments, each can protect your crop from seedling and throughout the growing …