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- SMART criteria - Wikipedia
- The Ultimate Guide To S.M.A.R.T. Goals - Forbes
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- How To Write SMART Goals in 5 Steps (With Examples)
- How to write SMART goals, with examples - Mind Tools
- SMART Goal - Definition, Guide, and Importance of Goal Setting
- What Are SMART Goals? Examples and Templates [2025] • Asana
- SMART goals - definition, meaning and examples - Glossary
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- The S.M.A.R.T. Framework: A Guide to Goal Setting and …
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S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development. The term was first proposed by George T. Doran in the November 1981 issue of Management Review, where he advocated for setting objectives that are specific (or Simple), measurable, assignable, realistic, and time-bound—hence the acronym S.M.A.R.T.
Since its inception, the SMART framework has evolved, leading to the emergence of different variations of the acronym. Commonly used versions incorporate alternative words, including attainable, relevant, and timely. Additionally, several authors have introduced supplementary letters to the acronym. For instance, some refer to SMARTS goals, which include the element of "self-defined", while others utilize SMARTER goals.
Proponents of SMART objectives argue that these criteria facilitate a clear framework for goal setting and evaluation, applicable across various contexts such as business (between employee and employer) and sports (between athlete and coach). This framework enables the individual setting the goal to have a precise understanding of the expected outcomes, while the evaluator has concrete criteria for assessment. The SMART acronym is linked to Peter Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) concept, illustrating its foundational role in strategic planning and performance management.
History
In the November 1981 issue of Management Review (AMA Forum), George T. Doran's paper titled "There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives" introduces a framework for setting management objectives, emphasizing the importance of clear goals. The S.M.A.R.T. criteria he proposes are as follows:
Specific(simple): Targeting a particular area for improvement
Measurable: Quantifying, or at least suggesting, an indicator of progress
Assignable: Defining responsibility clearly
Realistic(relative): Outlining attainable results with available resources
Time-related: Including a timeline for expected results
Doran clarifies that it's not always feasible to quantify objectives at all management levels, particularly for middle-management roles. He argues for the value in balancing quantifiable objectives with more abstract goals to formulate a comprehensive action plan. This emphasizes the integration of objectives with their execution plans as the foundation of effective management.
Common usage
S.M.A.R.T. goals and objectives are key concepts in planning and project management. The acronym, while consistently used, applies differently to goals and objectives. Goals define the broad outcomes intended from a project or assignment, and objectives specify the actionable steps aimed at achieving these outcomes. There is acknowledgment of some variation in the application of the framework, reflecting a range of interpretations in practice.
Effectiveness
Research suggests that the effectiveness of the SMART goal-setting framework can vary depending on the context in which it is applied, indicating that its universal application might not always yield effective outcomes.
= Career goals
=A Michigan State University Extension study highlighted the effectiveness of the SMART goal-setting approach. It showed that individuals who wrote down their goals and outlined action steps had a 76% success rate in achieving them, especially when they shared weekly updates with a friend. This was compared to a 43% success rate for those who didn't document their goals, indicating an advantage to the structured approach of SMART goal-setting.
= Physical activity
=A review of literature indicates mixed effectiveness of the SMART acronym for increasing physical activity. Criticisms focus on its lack of scientific basis and empirical support, suggesting non-specific, open-ended goals might be more beneficial for some individuals. Research indicates that vague or challenging goals could be more effective than specific ones for increasing physical activity. Swann et al. highlight the original SMART framework's absence of theoretical or empirical foundation, contrasting with broader goal-setting research.
Variations
The SMART framework has been expanded by some authors to include additional criteria, enhancing its versatility and application. Examples of these extensions are:
SMARTER
Evaluated and reviewed
Evaluate consistently and recognize mastery
Exciting and Recorded
SMARTIE
Equity and inclusion
SMARTTA
Trackable and agreed
SMARTA
agreed
SMARRT
Realistic and relevance – 'Realistic' refers to something that can be done given the available resources. 'Relevance' ensures the goal is in line with the bigger picture and vision.
I-SMART
A social goal or objective which demonstrates "Impact"
Alternative acronyms
Other mnemonic acronyms (or contractions) also give criteria to guide in the setting of objectives.
CLEAR: Collaborative; Limited; Emotional; Appreciable; Refinable
PURE: Positively stated; Understood; Relevant; Ethical
CPQQRT: Context; Purpose; Quantity; Quality; Resources; Timing
ABC: Achievable; Believable; Committed
FAST: Frequently discussed; Ambitious; Specific; Transparent
STD: Specific; Time-Bound; Difficult
See also
Management by objectives
PDCA
Performance indicator
Strategic planning
Notes
References
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SMART criteria - Wikipedia
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and …
The Ultimate Guide To S.M.A.R.T. Goals - Forbes
Jul 9, 2024 · We explore what S.M.A.R.T. goals are and how they can help your team. A S.M.A.R.T. goal is defined by its five key aspects or elements. Without all aspects, you might be goal setting but not...
What Are SMART Goals? Definition & Best Practices | Tableau
SMART goals criteria set objectives and KPIs in a precise and easy-to-communicate way. Learn more about SMART goals, best practices, & how to make your own.
How To Write SMART Goals in 5 Steps (With Examples)
2 days ago · Simply put, SMART goals are specific, measurable and actionable. By using a series of five benchmarks that comprise the SMART method, you’ll be able to create concise goals and action steps that will keep you on track. How can specific goals make a difference?
How to write SMART goals, with examples - Mind Tools
Jan 27, 2025 · Setting SMART goals means you can clarify your ideas, focus your efforts, use your time and resources productively, and increase your chances of achieving what you want in life. In this article, we'll explore what SMART goals are, and we'll look at how you can use them to achieve your objectives.
SMART Goal - Definition, Guide, and Importance of Goal Setting
SMART is an acronym that stands for S pecific, M easurable, A chievable, R ealistic, and T imely. Therefore, a SMART goal incorporates all of these criteria to help focus your efforts and increase the chances of achieving your goal. SMART goals are: T imely: With a clearly defined timeline, including a starting date and a target date.
What Are SMART Goals? Examples and Templates [2025] • Asana
Feb 3, 2025 · Turn vague goals into actionable ones by making them SMART. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. This article will show you why you need each SMART component, and how to apply them to your own goals.
SMART goals - definition, meaning and examples - Glossary
SMART is a particular management method for setting goals and objectives. The main idea is to transform abstract and unclear goals into ones that are clear, specific, and truly achievable for all team or project group members. The SMART method is an effective tool for defining KPIs and the particular steps to achieving goals.
How to Set SMART Goals at Work (with 5 Examples) - CareerAddict
Dec 22, 2023 · SMART goals are goals that are defined by criteria: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timebound. They can be useful in that they create clarity and focus, measure progress, and keep you motivated .
The S.M.A.R.T. Framework: A Guide to Goal Setting and …
Nov 19, 2024 · By breaking goals into these five criteria, the SMART framework helps you eliminate ambiguity, focus on results, and create a clear roadmap to success. 1. Specific. A goal should be clear and specific so that you know exactly what you’re working toward. Ambiguity can lead to confusion and lack of focus. Example: