sublingual gland

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      The sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) is a seromucous polystomatic exocrine gland. Located underneath the oral diaphragm (diaphragma oris), the sublingual gland is the smallest and most diffuse of the three major salivary glands of the oral cavity, with the other two being the submandibular and parotid. The sublingual gland provides approximately 3-5% of the total salivary volume.


      Structure


      They lie anterior and superior to the submandibular gland and inferior and lateral to the tongue, as well as beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. They are bound laterally by the bone of the mandible and inferolaterally by the mylohyoid muscle. The glands can be felt behind each mandibular canine. Placing one index finger within the mouth and the fingertips of the opposite hand outside it, the compressed gland is manually palpated between the inner and outer fingers.

      The sublingual gland is constituted by 1 major duct and approximately 20 small excretory ducts, with the latter often being referred to as ducts of Rivinus. The largest of all, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. The sublingual caruncle is a small papilla near the midline of the floor of the mouth on each side of the lingual frenum. Most of the remaining small sublingual ducts (of Rivinus) open separate into the mouth on an elevated crest of mucous membrane, the plica sublingualis (aka sublingual fold), formed by the gland and located on either side of the frenulum linguae.


      = Microanatomy

      =
      The sublingual gland consists mostly of mucous acini capped with serous demilunes and is therefore categorized as a mixed mucous gland with a mucous product predominating. Striated and intercalated ducts are also present.


      = Blood supply

      =
      The gland receives its blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries. Lymph from the sublingual salivary gland drains into the submandibular lymph nodes.


      = Nerve supply

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      The chorda tympani nerve (from the facial nerve via the submandibular ganglion) is secretomotor and provides parasympathetic supply to the sublingual glands. The path of the nerve is as follows: junction between pons and medulla, through internal acoustic meatus and facial canal to chorda tympani, through middle ear cavity, out petrotympanic fissure to join the lingual nerve, travels with lingual nerve to synapse at the submandibular ganglion, then postganglionic fibers travels to the sublingual gland.


      = Development

      =
      The sublingual salivary glands appear in the eighth week of prenatal development, two weeks later than the other two major salivary glands. They develop from epithelial buds in the sulcus surrounding the sublingual folds on the floor of the mouth, lateral to the developing submandibular gland. These buds branch and form into cords that canalize to form the sublingual ducts associated with the gland. The rounded terminal ends of the cords form acini.


      Clinical significance



      Ranulas are the most common pathologic lesion associated with the sublingual glands.


      Additional images

























      References




      External links


      Anatomy photo:34:st-0701 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Oral Cavity: Glands"
      cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (VII)
      "Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2015-02-26.
      Salivary gland infections from Medline Plus
      Salivary gland cancer from American Cancer Society

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    Sublingual gland - Wikipedia

    Located underneath the oral diaphragm (diaphragma oris), the sublingual gland is the smallest and most diffuse of the three major salivary glands of the oral cavity, with the other two being the submandibular and parotid. The sublingual gland provides approximately 3-5% of …

    The Sublingual Glands: Anatomy, Function, and Conditions

    Jan 18, 2024 · The sublingual glands lie just inside the jawbone behind your lower canine teeth. They’re also on either side of the genioglossus muscle, which allows you to stick out your tongue and move it side to side. The glands actually connect to each other in the front of your mouth, creating a U-shape.

    The Sublingual Gland - Structure - Vasculature - Innervation ...

    Jun 15, 2020 · The sublingual glands are almond-shaped and lie on the floor of the oral cavity. They are situated underneath the tongue, bordered laterally by the mandible and medially by genioglossus muscle of the tongue.

    Salivary Glands: Function, Location & Anatomy - Cleveland Clinic

    Your salivary glands lubricate your mouth, help you swallow, aid in digestion and help protect your teeth against harmful bacteria. You have three major types of salivary glands, including your sublingual, submandibular and parotid. Common symptoms of salivary gland disorders include fever, headaches and a lump in your cheek or under your chin.

    Anatomy, Head and Neck, Sublingual Gland - StatPearls - NCBI ...

    Jul 17, 2023 · The sublingual gland is the smallest of the three major salivary glands [1], which also include the parotid and submandibular glands. The sublingual gland lies between the muscles of the floor of the oral cavity, which include the geniohyoid muscle, hyoglossus muscle medially, and the mylohyoid muscle inferiorly.

    Recognizing salivary gland conditions - Mayo Clinic Health System

    Sep 8, 2023 · There are three sets of major salivary glands. The parotid glands are the largest, and are located beneath and in front of the ears. The submandibular glands are the next largest and are located under the lower jaw. Finally, sublingual glands are …

    Sublingual gland: Anatomy and clinical aspects - Kenhub

    Oct 30, 2023 · The sublingual glands lie bilaterally in the floor of the mouth and within the sublingual folds. They are bordered by the mandible anteroinferiorly and the genioglossus muscle posteroinferiorly. It is covered superiorly by the tongue .