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Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.
In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point. Commercial tallow commonly contains fat derived from other animals, such as lard from pigs, or even from plant sources.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.
In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda). It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.




Composition


Tallow is 100% fat, mainly of monounsaturated fats (52%) and saturated fats (42%), and contains no water, protein or carbohydrates (table).

The fatty acid content of tallow is:

Saturated fatty acids:
Palmitic acid (C16:0): 26%
Stearic acid (C18:0): 14%
Myristic acid (C14:0): 3%
Monounsaturated fatty acids:
Oleic acid (C18-1, ω-9): 47%
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1): 3%
Polyunsaturated fatty acids:
Linoleic acid: 3%
Linolenic acid: 1%




Uses



Tallow is used mainly in producing soap and animal feed.




= Food

=
A significant use of tallow is for the production of shortening. It is also one of the main ingredients of the Native American food pemmican. With a smoke point of 480 °F (249 °C), tallow is traditionally used in deep frying and was preferred for this use until the rise in popularity of plant oils for frying. Before switching to pure vegetable oil in 1990, McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of 93% beef tallow and 7% cottonseed oil. According to a 1985 article in The New York Times, tallow was also used for frying at Burger King, Wendy's, Hardee's, Arby's, Dairy Queen, Popeyes, and Bob's Big Boy. Tallow is, however, making a comeback in certain nutrition circles.



Greaves


Greaves (also graves) or cracklings is the fibrous matter remaining from rendering, typically pressed into cakes and used for animal feed, especially for dogs and hogs, or as fish bait. In the past, it has been both favoured and shunned in dog food.




= Fuel

=



Biodiesel

Tallow can be used for the production of biodiesel in much the same way as oils from plants are currently used.



Aviation fuel

The United States Air Force has experimented successfully with the use of beef tallow in aviation biofuels. During five days of flight testing from August 23 to 27, 2010, at Edwards Air Force Base, California, a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III flew using JP-8 conventional jet fuel in three of its engines and a 50/50 blend of JP-8 and HRJ biofuel made from beef tallow in one engine on August 23, followed by a flight with the same 50/50 blend in all four engines on August 24. On August 27, it flew using a blend of 50% JP-8, 25% HRJ, and 25% coal-based fuel made through the Fischer–Tropsch process, becoming the first United States Department of Defense aircraft to fly on such a blend and the first aircraft to operate from Edwards using a fuel derived from beef tallow.




= Printing

=
Tallow also has a use in printmaking, where it is combined with bitumen and applied to metal print plates to resist acid etching.
The use of trace amounts of tallow as an additive to the substrate used in polymer banknotes came to light in November 2016. Notes issued in 24 countries including Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom were found to be affected, leading to objections from vegans and members of some religious communities.




= Candles

=

Tallow once was widely used to make molded candles before more convenient wax varieties became available and for some time after they continued to be a cheaper alternative. For those too poor even to avail themselves of homemade, molded tallow candles, the "tallow dip" a reed that had been dipped in melted tallow or sometimes a strip of burning cloth in a saucer/cresset of tallow grease was an accessible substitute. Such a candle was often simply called a "dip" or, because of its low cost, a "farthing dip" or "penny dip".




= Lubrication

=
Early in the development of steam-driven piston engines, the hot vapors and liquids washed away most lubricants very quickly. It was soon found that tallow was quite resistant to this washing. Tallow and compounds including tallow were widely used to lubricate locomotive and steamship engines at least until the 1950s. (During World War II, the vast fleets of steam-powered ships exhausted the supply, leading to the large-scale planting of rapeseed because rapeseed oil also resisted the washing effect.) Tallow is still used in the steel rolling industry to provide the required lubrication as the sheet steel is compressed through the steel rollers. There is a trend toward replacing tallow-based lubrication with synthetic oils in rolling applications for surface cleanliness reasons.
Another industrial use is as a lubricant for certain types of light engineering work, such as cutting threads on electrical conduit. Specialist cutting compounds are available, but tallow is a traditional lubricant that is easily available for cheap and infrequent use.
The use of tallow or lard to lubricate rifles was the spark that started the Indian Mutiny of 1857. To load the new Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle, the sepoys had to bite the cartridge open. It was believed that the paper cartridges that were standard issue with the rifle were greased with lard (pork fat), which was regarded as unclean by Muslims, or tallow (cow fat), which is incompatible with Hindu dietary laws. Tallow, along with beeswax, was also used in the lubricant for American Civil War ammunition used in the Springfield rifled musket. A combination of mutton tallow, paraffin wax and beeswax is still used as a patch or projectile lubricant in present-day black powder arms.
Tallow is used to make a biodegradable motor oil.
Tallow is also used in traditional bell foundry, as a separation for the false bell when casting.




= Industrial

=
Tallow can be used as flux for soldering.




= Textiles

=
Mutton tallow is widely used as starch, lubricant and softener in textile manufacturing. Pretreatment processes in textiles include a process called sizing. In sizing, a chemical is necessary to provide required strength to yarns mounted on the loom. Mutton tallow provides required strength and lubrication to the yarns.




See also


Suet
Dripping




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Jarak (tumbuhan)
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• Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès
• Produk hewani
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• Tallow
• Tallow (disambiguation)
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• Triadica sebifera
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• Worshipful Company of Tallow Chandlers
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• History of candle making
• The Tallow Candle

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Daftar Isi

• Tallow - Wikipedia
• What Is Tallow? Benefits, Nutrition Facts, Uses and Side Effects - Dr. Axe
• What is beef tallow? Is it good for me? - Mayo Clinic Press
• How to Make Beef Tallow - Hey Grill, Hey
• Is Beef Tallow Healthy? Benefits, Risks, and Nutritional Insights
• Beef Tallow: What It Is and Its Benefits - The Nutrition Insider
• Is Beef Tallow Actually Healthy?
• What is Beef Tallow & How to Make It - WebstaurantStore
• Beef tallow as skin care? Experts explain what’s truth—and myth
• Tallow Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

Tallow - Wikipedia

Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides. In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

What Is Tallow? Benefits, Nutrition Facts, Uses and Side Effects - Dr. Axe

Dec 11, 2024 · What is tallow? Also called beef tallow, it's animal fat that is typically rendered from cattle or mutton. Learn its benefits, uses and alternatives here.

What is beef tallow? Is it good for me? - Mayo Clinic Press

Jun 20, 2024 · What is beef tallow? Tallow is a whiteish substance that is solid at room temperature. It’s made by removing, simmering and clarifying the fatty tissue that surrounds the organs of ruminant animals.

How to Make Beef Tallow - Hey Grill, Hey

Jul 19, 2023 · Making your own beef tallow is a great way to use extra fat trimmings from brisket or other parts of the cow. The beef tallow makes for a delicious substitute for oil or butter, and it tastes amazing.

Is Beef Tallow Healthy? Benefits, Risks, and Nutritional Insights

Jan 24, 2025 · Beef tallow is a natural fat rendered from beef, offering a high smoke point and a unique mix of healthy fats. It’s prized not only for its ability to enhance the taste of dishes but also for its association with traditional, nutrient-dense eating.

Beef Tallow: What It Is and Its Benefits - The Nutrition Insider

May 10, 2024 · Beef tallow is made by rendering beef suet—the hard, white fat surrounding a cow’s organs, especially the kidneys—which involves gently heating it to separate the beef fat from any muscle or connective tissue. The result is tallow, a pure beef fat that is solid at room temperature (similar to butter).

Is Beef Tallow Actually Healthy?

Dec 30, 2024 · Beef tallow is made from the fat, or suet, that surrounds cows' organs. It is made by slowly simmering beef fat, spinning it to separate it from liquid and connective tissue, and collecting the...

What is Beef Tallow & How to Make It - WebstaurantStore

Feb 4, 2025 · Beef tallow is rendered beef fat, typically sourced from the suet surrounding the kidneys and loins of cattle. Once melted and purified, it transforms into a versatile, shelf-stable cooking fat prized for its umami flavor, cost-effectiveness, and high smoke point.From its traditional uses in frying and roasting to its modern applications in enhancing menu items and …

Beef tallow as skin care? Experts explain what’s truth—and myth

1 day ago · Beef tallow, the humble cow fat byproduct, has been making its way into beauty routines. Citing vitamins and other biochemical benefits, some influencers and wellness gurus are touting beef tallow ...

Tallow Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

The meaning of TALLOW is the white nearly tasteless solid rendered fat of cattle and sheep used chiefly in soap, candles, and lubricants.