teaching of jacob

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      The Teaching of Jacob is a Greek Christian polemical tract supposedly set in Carthage in 634 but written in Syria Palaestina (Hadrian had renamed Judea in 135 AD, after the Second Jewish Revolt or Bar Kokhba Revolt) sometime between 634 and 640. It has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century. It supposedly records a weeks-long discussion ending on July 13, 634, among Jews who have been forcibly baptized by order of the emperor. One of them, Jacob, has come to believe sincerely in Christianity; he instructs the rest about why they should also sincerely embrace their new faith. Halfway through, a Jewish merchant named Justus arrives and challenges Jacob to a debate. In the end, all of the participants are convinced to embrace Christianity, and Jacob and Justus return east. In addition to several partial Greek manuscripts, the text survives in Latin, Arabic, Ethiopic and Slavonic translations.


      Content


      The text provides one of the earliest external accounts of Islam, presenting a significantly different Islamic historiography than found in traditional Islamic texts. It also shows Jacob comparing the Byzantine Empire to the fourth beast of the prophecy of Daniel from Judeo-Christian eschatology. Although not unfamiliar imagery, it is part of a series of Byzantine literature, from the early stages of the Islamic religion, of trying to reconcile Islam with the apocalyptic vision. Further examples of this are contained in the pseudo-Athanasian's Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem, and the Quaestiones et responsiones attributed to Anastasius of Sinai.
      It records a prophet in Arabia who was waging war. According to Crone, who has presented a highly disputed account of the period, the document contradicts the notion in Islamic tradition that the prophet Muhammad was dead at the time of the conquest of Palestine but agrees with some traditions of other peoples of the time.

      When the candidatus [i.e., Sergios, commander of the Byzantine army in Palestine] was killed by the Saracens, I was at Caesarea and I set off by boat to Sykamina. People were saying "the candidatus has been killed," and we Jews were overjoyed. And they were saying that the prophet had appeared, coming with the Saracens, and that he was proclaiming the advent of the anointed one, the Christ who was to come. I, having arrived at Sykamina, stopped by a certain old man well-versed in scriptures, and I said to him: "What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword. Truly they are works of anarchy being committed today and I fear that the first Christ to come, whom the Christians worship, was the one sent by God and we instead are preparing to receive the Antichrist. Indeed, Isaiah said that the Jews would retain a perverted and hardened heart until all the earth should be devastated. But you go, master Abraham, and find out about the prophet who has appeared." So I, Abraham, inquired and heard from those who had met him that there was no truth to be found in the so-called prophet, only the shedding of men's blood. He says also that he has the keys of paradise, which is incredible.


      = Academic commentaries on the work

      =
      "What is significant here is the possibility that Jews and Arabs (Saracens) seem to be allied together during the time of the conquest of Palestine and even for a short time after"
      "To be sure, the picture given in the Doctrina Iacobi seems garbled, and many of its details disagree with the traditional account (for example, in seeming to describe the prophet as leading the armies of the Saracens himself). ... Yet one could hardly expect a Byzantine source from this early and turbulent period to get all the details right. Even later, most Byzantine sources displayed gross misunderstanding of matters Islamic, just as Muslim sources generally did of matters Byzantine." – Colin Wells.


      Notes




      References




      = Works cited

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      External links


      English translation by Andrew S. Jacobs

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    Teaching of Jacob - Wikipedia

    The Teaching of Jacob [a] is a Greek Christian polemical tract supposedly set in Carthage in 634 but written in Syria Palaestina (Hadrian had renamed Judea in 135 AD, after the Second Jewish Revolt or Bar Kokhba Revolt) sometime between 634 and 640.

    Teaching of Jacob Newly Baptized - andrewjacobs

    The Teaching of Jacob Newly Baptized (Doctrina Jacobi Nuper Baptizati) is a Greek dialogue text set in 7th-century Carthage (specifically, the action takes place in spring and summer of the year 634). The Jews of Carthage, including an unfortunate visiting merchant named Jacob, have been forcibly baptized upon the orders of the Emperor ...

    Heroes of Faith: 5 Vital Lessons from the Life of Jacob

    Jan 17, 2016 · Jacob means supplanter and God changed his name to Israel, meaning, the prince that prevails with God. Today is the right time to learn the lessons from his life. The story of Jacob shows us how children tend to repeat the errors of their parents. We have seen that Jacob’s parents, Isaac and Rebekah, had their own favorites.

    Project MUSE - Gender, Conversion, and the End of Empire in ...

    The seventh-century apocalyptic dialogue text Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati ("Teaching of Jacob, Newly Baptized") depicts forcibly baptized Jews coming to terms with their new situation in hidden meetings led by Jacob.

    Andrew Jacobs: Translations

    On this part of my website you'll find various Latin and Greek texts I translated into English over the years for use in scholarship and teaching.

    Who Was Jacob? - My Jewish Learning

    Jacob (Ya’akov in Hebrew) is one of Judaism’s three patriarchs, and appears throughout many chapters of the Book of Genesis. He is the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of Abraham and Sarah, and the father of 12 sons, the progenitors of the 12 tribes of Israel.

    DOCTRINA JACOBI: JACOB AND JUSTUS - Academia.edu

    Under their leadership, the teachings lay down pre-Chalcedonian doctrinal cornerstones of a new religion that are planted to subvert Byzantine Christianity. This paper identifies Jacob and Justus, the two main actors in the play. They are paramount for the understanding of the Doctrina Jacobi.

    Jacob: Prophet, Theologian, Historian - Religious Studies Center

    Following is a discussion about some of Jacob’s prominent teachings, specifically noting what we owe to him, or learn specifically from him, in the Book of Mormon. These are doctrines that we would not have in such clarity were it not for his teachings.

    About: Teaching of Jacob - DBpedia Association

    The Teaching of Jacob (Ancient Greek: Διδασκαλία Ἰακώβου, Didaskalia Iakobou; Latin Doctrina Jacobi; Ethiopic Sargis d'Aberga), has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century.

    Lessons from the Life of Jacob: Faith, Transformation, and ...

    Jan 13, 2025 · In this post, we will look at lessons from the life of Jacob and explore what we can learn from his journey, from his early conflicts to his role as the father of the twelve tribes of Israel.