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Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt. A minor constituent of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine. While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from Papaver bracteatum (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol and etorphine.
Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom, is controlled as an analog of a Schedule II drug per the Analog Act in the United States, and is controlled with its derivatives and salts, as a Schedule I substance of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in Canada. The 2013 US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) aggregate manufacturing quota for thebaine (ACSCN 9333) was unchanged from the previous year at 145 metric tons.
This alkaloid is biosynthetically related to salutaridine, oripavine, morphine and reticuline.
In 2012 there was an amounted 146,000 kilograms of thebaine produced. In 2013, Australia was the main producer of poppy straw rich in thebaine, followed by Spain and then France. By 2017, worldwide thebaine production dropped to 2,008 kg. Together, those three countries accounted for about 99 per cent of global production of such poppy straw. The Papaver bracteatum seed capsules are the primary source of thebaine, with the stem additionally yielding a significant amount.
The Canberra Times of 16 November 2022 reported that four batches of Hoyts brand poppy seeds were being recalled due to unusually high levels of thebaine, and that at least twelve people in New South Wales had required medical attention after ingesting them. As of 15 November 2022, Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) is coordinating a national recall of a number of poppy seed products due to the potential presence of thebaine.

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Thebaine - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

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Thebaine,Side Effects,Prevention,Surgery,Consumer Information,,Raw ...

Thebaine biosynthesis

Thebaine Base - Pluviaendo

67_Thebaine-Alkaloid - Noramco

Thebaine | Semantic Scholar

Thebaine

Thebaine hydrochloride | C19H22ClNO3 | CID 5492618 - PubChem

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Thebaine - Drugs-Forum
Opioids - Thebaine Toxicity in Poppy Seed Tea? | Bluelight.org
Thebaine... - Bluelight.org
Thebaine - Bluelight.org
Opioids Can thebaine be destroyed from opium? - bluelight.org
Opioids - Is there a way to remove thebaine from PPT or PST …
Opioids - How to reduce thebaine in poppy tea? | Bluelight.org
Cultivation - How to tell if your poppy is mostly thebaine or mostly ...
Oral use - Is this what a high thebaine is like? | Drugs-Forum
Bentley Compounds - Drugs-Forum

Thebaine - Drugs-Forum

Apr 26, 2010 · Thebaine is far more toxic (ten times higher) than morphine. Compared to morphine sulfate, thebaine is 10 times more lethal: Morphine sulfate anhydrous: oral rat LD50: 461 mg/kg; oral mouse LD50: 600 mg/kg! (!) Thebaine is the most poisonous opium alkaloid.

Opioids - Thebaine Toxicity in Poppy Seed Tea? | Bluelight.org

Jan 1, 2014 · I have recently been doing research on poppy seed tea and stumbled across a study performed on various brands of poppy seeds and their different alkaloid contents. I became aware of the fact that thebaine in larger quantities can cause convulsions and/or death. Also in my research, I stumbled...

Thebaine... - Bluelight.org

Jan 29, 2006 · In the Great Red Oriental, thebaine concentraion reaches a peak in capsuoles 3-4 weeks (latex 28-53% thebaine) after the petals open and then two weeks later it peakes again. Fully mature capsules (dried) produce higher yields as thebaine is "unbound" at this stage and is more completley estracted, plus seeds can be used for food.

Thebaine - Bluelight.org

Mar 17, 2007 · In vivo and in vitro binding studies with natural thebaine and its enantiomer, (+)-thebaine were conducted to elucidate further their interactions with the opioid system. (-)-Thebaine a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of morphine in the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum) and in mammalian tissue, was poorly effective antinociceptively in mice ...

Opioids Can thebaine be destroyed from opium? - bluelight.org

Apr 9, 2008 · Yes, it is somewhat toxic, but it's not like there's all that much of it in regular P. somniferum to begin with, and any chemical you could use in the process of removing it (like the aforementioned boiling acetic anhydride, or NaOH/quicklime) is arguably far more dangerous than a tiny amount of thebaine. Heck, I would argue that the most ...

Opioids - Is there a way to remove thebaine from PPT or PST …

Jun 23, 2009 · As for thebaine, it'll depend on the strain of poppies as to how much there is, either way it adds a nice kick to the high, though sometimes causes anxiety. maybe if you can find a temp that morphine wont degrade at and thebaine will, you could do that but i doubt it.

Opioids - How to reduce thebaine in poppy tea? | Bluelight.org

Dec 11, 2014 · I usually go with 6-8 pods though. Valid concern though the stuff is unpredictable. Theres something like 10 known alkaloids involved including the Big 3 of codeine, morphine and thebaine. Different species of poppy plant having different concentrations (the high thebaine being the one grown by pharma companies for oxy and such).

Cultivation - How to tell if your poppy is mostly thebaine or mostly ...

Mar 25, 2014 · It is possible that they have a higher thebaine content than other Pavaver species. "Opium from Tasmanian Purple generally contains around 30% alkaloids in its latex. Therefor it would be logical to assume that for every Gram of Opium (dried latex) 300mg of it would be morphine." >> Part of Samurigecko's posts here on Df

Oral use - Is this what a high thebaine is like? | Drugs-Forum

Jul 6, 2012 · The straw contains far more thebaine. That is why the straw is most often used in the creation of pharmaceutical hydrocodone, which is derived from thebaine. It is highly likely that you got high thebaine levels and low morphine + codeine levels, so you got uncomfortable effects. I think the tea from pods + straw is what most people use.

Bentley Compounds - Drugs-Forum

Jan 14, 2007 · It is was produced from thebaine, it is more potent than morphine (I didn't say more pleasureable), and it is even used to tranquillize animals in a similar preparation to that of the etorphine animal tranquillizer, albiet dogs instead of elephants hehe. SWIM just would like to complile some information on Bentley Compounds...