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The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was formally signed in the French city of Troyes on 21 May 1420 in the aftermath of Henry's successful military campaign in France. It forms a part of the backdrop of the latter phase of the Hundred Years' War finally won by the French at the Battle of Castillon in 1453, and in which various English kings tried to establish their claims to the French throne.




Terms



The treaty arranged for the marriage of Charles VI's daughter Catherine of Valois to Henry V, who was made regent of France and acknowledged (along with his future sons) as successor to the French throne. The Dauphin Charles was disinherited from the succession. The Estates-General of France ratified the agreement later that year after Henry V entered Paris.




Background


Charles VI, King of France, began his reign by suppressing revolts personally, was in good mental shape and even declared full control of France himself unopposed by his uncles. But in 1392, on a military expedition through the forests of Le Mans, he went insane and attacked his own men. He would suffer from mental illness for the rest of his life. Henry V, King of England, had invaded France in 1415 and delivered a crushing defeat to the French at Agincourt. In 1418, John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, whose political and economic interests favoured an agreement with the English, occupied Paris. One year later he was murdered by his Armagnac opponents during what he thought was a diplomatic meeting with the Dauphin Charles on the bridge at Montereau. His son Philip the Good formed an alliance with the English and negotiated the treaty with the English King.
Isabeau of Bavaria, Charles VI's wife, whose participation in the negotiations was merely formal, agreed to the treaty disinheriting her son, hoping that if the dynasties were joined through Henry V the war could be ended and leave France in the hands of a vigorous and able king.
There had been earlier rumours that the Queen had had an affair with her brother-in-law Louis, Duke of Orléans. These rumours were gladly taken up by Louis's main rival, John the Fearless, who had had the Duke of Orléans assassinated in 1407. The Burgundians promoted the rumour that Charles was a bastard. However, such a statement could not possibly be registered in a treaty without offending the honour of the King of France. Thus, the disinheritance of the dauphin, with respect to the French throne, was based on his crimes énormes (capital offences) as he was accused of having ordered the assassination of John the Fearless.
The legal basis for the treaty was from the beginning on questionably solid ground, as only the King himself would have the authority to make such an all-important decision as terminating his own Royal House, and Charles, called "the mad", was indisputably not of mental capacity to enter into such an agreement, as most of his entire reign was overseen by regents for that very reason (the four universal legal tenets for any valid contract being consideration, agreement, legality, and capacity). Despite this, due to the shifting military and political situation, the Dauphin Charles' disinheritance received further legal sanction after he declared himself regent for Charles VI in rivalry to the regency declared by Henry V. The Dauphin was summoned to a lit-de justice (legal hearing) in 1420 on charges of lèse-majesté. When he failed to appear, a Parisian court in 1421 found Charles the Dauphin guilty of treason and sentenced him to disinheritance and banishment from the Kingdom of France, losing all privileges to land and titles.




Aftermath


The treaty was undermined by the deaths of both Charles VI and Henry V within two months of each other in 1422. The infant Henry VI of England became King of both England and France, but the Dauphin Charles also claimed the throne of France upon the death of his father – though he ruled only a region of France centred on Bourges and was derisively referred to as the "King of Bourges" by his opponents.
The terms of the Treaty of Troyes were later confirmed once again at the Treaty of Amiens (1423), when Burgundy and Brittany confirmed the recognition of Henry VI as King of France and agreed to form a triple-defensive alliance against the Dauphin Charles. The course of the war shifted dramatically in 1429, however, following the appearance of Joan of Arc to command the Valois forces. They lifted the siege of Orléans and then fought their way to Reims, traditional site of French coronations, where the former Dauphin was crowned as Charles VII of France. In 1435, Charles signed the Treaty of Arras with the Burgundians, in which they recognized and endorsed his claims to the throne.
The military victory of Charles VII over Henry VI rendered the treaty moot. A final attempt at the French throne was made by Edward IV of England in 1475, but he agreed to peace with Louis XI in the Treaty of Picquigny. The kings of England continued to nominally claim the crown of France until 1801, though this was never again seriously pursued. Their last territory on the French mainland, the city of Calais, was lost to France in 1558.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Wangsa Karoling
• Devarim (parsyah)
• Treaty of Troyes
• Troyes
• Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
• Treaty of Troyes (1814)
• Henry V of England
• Isabeau of Bavaria
• Treaty of Troyes (1564)
• Dual monarchy of England and France
• Charles VII of France
• Henry VI of England

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treaty of troyes

Daftar Isi

• Treaty of Troyes - Wikipedia
• Treaty of Troyes | England-France [1420] | Britannica
• What was the Treaty of Troyes? - History Hit
• Treaty of Troyes (1564) - Wikipedia
• The Treaty of Troyes: Triumph and Tragedy in the Hundred …
• Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook
• Treaty Of Troyes - Encyclopedia.com
• Treaty of Troyes - history-maps.com
• The shameful treaty of Troyes - Troyes Champagne Tourism
• Treaty of Troyes | Military Wiki | Fandom

Treaty of Troyes - Wikipedia

The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was formally signed in the …

Treaty of Troyes | England-France [1420] | Britannica

The Treaty of Troyes (May 21, 1420) had just recognized Henry as heir to the throne of France. The remarkable cathedral of Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul (13th–17th century) is built in a variety …

What was the Treaty of Troyes? - History Hit

Sep 1, 2022 · The Treaty of Troyes. King Charles was furious with his son, and disgusted by the Dauphin’s treachery. Such was his despair that he cast his son out and offered to negotiate …

Treaty of Troyes (1564) - Wikipedia

The Treaty of Troyes of 1564 was an agreement between the rival kingdoms of England and France after the ejection of English forces from France in 1563 which recognized French …

The Treaty of Troyes: Triumph and Tragedy in the Hundred …

May 26, 2024 · The Treaty of Troyes marked the zenith of English ambitions in the Hundred Years‘ War as well as the beginning of their long, ineluctable decline. It remains one of the …

Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook

Jan 26, 1996 · The Treaty of Troyes, 1420. 6. After our death [Charles VI], and from that time forward, the crown and kingdom of France, with all their rights and appurtenances, shall be …

Treaty Of Troyes - Encyclopedia.com

Jun 8, 2018 · Troyes, treaty of, 1420. By this Anglo-French treaty, ratified on 21 May, Henry V became heir and regent to the mad Charles VI of France. This was by adoption, not by virtue …

Treaty of Troyes - history-maps.com

Dec 27, 2024 · The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was …

The shameful treaty of Troyes - Troyes Champagne Tourism

On 21 May 1420, with the French royal family having taken refuge in Troyes, the city’s cathedral played host to a momentous event that could have changed the course of history and the world.

Treaty of Troyes | Military Wiki | Fandom

The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French crown upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was signed in the French city …