turtle syntax

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      In computing, Terse RDF Triple Language (Turtle) is a syntax and file format for expressing data in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model. Turtle syntax is similar to that of SPARQL, an RDF query language. It is a common data format for storing RDF data, along with N-Triples, JSON-LD and RDF/XML.
      RDF represents information using semantic triples, which comprise a subject, predicate, and object. Each item in the triple is expressed as a Web URI. Turtle provides a way to group three URIs to make a triple, and provides ways to abbreviate such information, for example by factoring out common portions of URIs. For example, information about Huckleberry Finn could be expressed as:



      .


      History


      Turtle was defined by Dave Beckett as a subset of Tim Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly's Notation3 (N3) language, and a superset of the minimal N-Triples format. Unlike full N3, which has an expressive power that goes much beyond RDF, Turtle can only serialize valid RDF graphs. Turtle is an alternative to RDF/XML, the original syntax and standard for writing RDF. As opposed to RDF/XML, Turtle does not rely on XML and is generally recognized as being more readable and easier to edit manually than its XML counterpart.
      SPARQL, the query language for RDF, uses a syntax similar to Turtle for expressing query patterns.
      In 2011, a working group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started working on an updated version of RDF, with the intention of publishing it along with a standardised version of Turtle. This Turtle specification was published as a W3C Recommendation on 25 February 2014.
      A significant proportion of RDF toolkits include Turtle parsing and serializing capability. Some examples of such toolkits are Redland, RDF4J, Jena, Python's RDFLib and JavaScript's N3.js.


      Example


      The following example defines 3 prefixes ("rdf", "dc", and "ex"), and uses them in expressing a statement about the editorship of the RDF/XML document:

      (Turtle examples are also valid Notation3).
      The example encodes an RDF graph made of four triples, which express these facts:

      The W3C technical report on RDF syntax and grammar has the title RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised).
      That report's editor is a certain individual, who in turn
      Has full name Dave Beckett.
      Has a home page at a certain place.
      Here are the triples made explicit in N-Triples notation:

      The MIME type of Turtle is text/turtle. The character encoding of Turtle content is always UTF-8.


      Named graphs


      TriG RDF syntax extends Turtle with support for named graphs.


      See also


      N-Triples
      Notation3 (N3)
      LV2


      References




      External links


      Turtle Specification
      Turtle TL;DR Cheatsheet on Enola.dev

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