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      Umbrella octopuses (family Opisthoteuthidae) are a group of pelagic octopuses. Umbrella octopuses are characterized by a web of skin between the arms, causing them to somewhat resemble an opened umbrella when the arms are spread.


      Description


      Opisthoteuthidae are a group of octopuses characterized by a web of skin in between their arms. They broad U-shaped shell that support muscles for a pair of small fins on the mantle, these fins are far less developed than other families in Cirrina and essentially only act as stabilizers when the animal swims (using a medusoid motion of the arms and webbing). This structure makes the umbrella octopus resemble an umbrella when they spread their arms/web out. The structure of the umbrella octopus has the oral surface below the mantle of the octopuses and the web with their arms surround the bottom of the mantle. Their outer skin has a very delicate consistency that results in white spots appearing on their skin when damaged. Although Opisthoteuthidae are categorized as cirrates, unlike the other cirrates, they do not have an intermediate web; rather, they use the web in between their arms to mimic the intermediate web that other cirrates have. Lacking an intermediate web is what causes the indentations in the outer edge of their arms that make them look like an umbrella.


      Behavior




      = Defense mechanisms

      =
      Opisthoteuthidae lack an intermediate web but they mimic the defensive mechanism of ballooning by extending the web between their arms as much as possible and curving the outer edges of their arms inwards in order to have the edges touch the ground. They also extend their fins parallel to the floor to help keep their balance or they curve them around their mantle. Opisthoteuthidae have been observed to hold this position for five and a half minutes. Another defensive mechanism that Opisthoteuthidae have been observed using is web-inversion which is when they have their arms turned upwards and their web with the oral surface facing outwards. The oral surface can be facing the floor, or the octopuses may lie laterally so their side is in contact with the floor. It has been noted that these defensive behaviors are the positions the octopuses may go into while feeding as well, but it is possible that this could be because of the stress of being captured and placed in an aquarium to be observed.


      = Resting behavior

      =
      When resting at the floor, the octopus's behavior falls into one of two tactics: bottom-resting or flat-spreading. Bottom-resting is when the octopus is resting near the floor. It will erect its mantle, curve the outer edges of its arms inwards to have them be the only part making contact with the floor. The fins are extended out parallel to the bottom to maintain balance. When flat-spreading they spread their arms and web, so it is parallel to the bottom and they keep the edges of their arms curved inwards. Their heads will point backwards at a small angle and their fins will be used for stabilization.


      Dispersion


      Opisthoteuthidae are deep sea creatures that have been found in the Clipperton-Clarion Fracture Zone in the Pacific Ocean at a depth of about 4,800 m. They have also been found in the South China Sea. They stay within 3,000-4,000 meters below sea level and try to stay hovering over the ocean floor.


      Taxonomy


      Family Opisthoteuthidae has classically contained a single genus, Opisthoteuthis, which has recently been split into three genera on the basis of differences in enlarged suckers on male specimens. Genera Grimpoteuthis, Luteuthis, and Cryptoteuthis now are included in the family Grimpoteuthidae.

      Genus Opisthoteuthis Verrill, 1883
      Opisthoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1883
      Opisthoteuthis albatrossi (Sasaki, 1920)
      Opisthoteuthis borealis Collins, 2005
      Opisthoteuthis bruuni (Voss, 1982)
      Opisthoteuthis californiana Berry, 1949
      Opisthoteuthis calypso Villanueva, Collins, Sánchez & Voss, 2002 [Possibly attributable to genus Insigniteuthis]
      Opisthoteuthis chathamensis O'Shea, 1999
      Opisthoteuthis dongshaensis C. C. Lu, 2010 [Possibly attributable to genus Insigniteuthis]
      Opisthoteuthis extensa Thiele, 1915
      Opisthoteuthis grimaldii (Joubin, 1903)
      Opisthoteuthis hardyi Villanueva, Collins, Sánchez & Voss, 2002
      Opisthoteuthis kerberos Verhoeff, 2024
      Opisthoteuthis massyae (Grimpe, 1920) (Synonym Opisthoteuthis vossi Sánchez & Guerra, 1989 )
      Opisthoteuthis medusoides Thiele, 1915
      Opisthoteuthis mero O'Shea, 1999
      Opisthoteuthis philipii Oommen, 1976
      Opisthoteuthis pluto Berry, 1918
      Opisthoteuthis robsoni O'Shea, 1999
      Genus Exsuperoteuthis Verhoeff, 2024
      Exsuperoteuthis depressa Ijima & Ikeda, 1895 (Synonym Opisthoteuthis japonica Taki, 1962)
      Exsuperoteuthis persephone Berry, 1918
      Genus Insigniteuthis Verhoeff, 2024
      Insigniteuthis obscura Verhoeff, 2024


      References

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    Umbrella octopus - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

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    Umbrella Octopus Animals - Blender Market

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    Octopus umbrella - Bluestep Solutions

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    Wade the Umbrella Octopus | Patterns | - Hobbii.com

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    Octopus Umbrella | Bored Panda

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    Octopus umbrella by Suelette on DeviantArt

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    Aqua Octopus Umbrella - Stix N Tops

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    1,121 Octopus Umbrella Images, Stock Photos, 3D objects, & Vectors ...

    Takara Umbrella octopus - Toy Animal Wiki

    Takara Umbrella octopus - Toy Animal Wiki

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    Umbrella octopus - Wikipedia

    Umbrella octopuses (family Opisthoteuthidae) are a group of pelagic octopuses. Umbrella octopuses are characterized by a web of skin between the arms, causing them to somewhat resemble an opened umbrella when the arms are spread.

    Opisthoteuthis californiana - Facts, Diet, Habitat ... - Animalia

    Opisthoteuthis californiana, also known as the flapjack octopus or adorabilis, is a species of umbrella octopus. The flapjack octopus usually appear pinkish. They have fins above their eyes, similar to those found on some species of squid. Their maximum size …

    Opisthoteuthis californiana - Wikipedia

    Opisthoteuthis californiana, also known as the flapjack octopus, [3] or flapjack devilfish[4] is a species of umbrella octopus. Flapjack octopuses usually appear pinkish. [5] . They have fins above their eyes, similar to those found on some species of squid. Their maximum size is 20 cm (7.9 in) mantle length. [5] .

    A Real Life Visit to an Octopus’s Garden - Ocean Conservancy

    Oct 31, 2018 · After arriving at depth, we made our first discovery. A ghostly grimpoteuthis octopus swam across the view of our ROV Hercules’s cameras. Sometimes called an umbrella octopus, this was the first sighting of this species in this region.

    Incirrate vs. Cirrate Octopuses: What’s The Difference? - OctoNation

    The biggest family within the cirrate octopus suborder is the Umbrella Octopus (Opisthoteuthidae), who all have a web of skin between their arms. To move through the water, they open and close their webbed bodies like a big umbrella moving along the ocean bottom.

    A Deep Dive with the Dumbo Octopus - Ocean Conservancy

    Oct 8, 2018 · There are a whopping 17 recognized species of dumbo octopuses in the genus Grimpoteuthis. They are a group of umbrella octopuses, which means they have webbed skin connecting their tentacles that gives them a bell shape.

    35 Fun Flapjack Octopus Facts - Mental Bomb

    The flapjack octopus, also known as the umbrella octopus, is a unique species of cephalopod that belongs to the genus Opisthoteuthis. These fascinating creatures are found in the deep-sea regions of the Pacific Ocean, particularly off the coasts of California, Oregon , and Japan.

    Umbrella Octopus • Blane Perun's TheSea.Org

    May 23, 2024 · Found in the deep sea, this remarkable cephalopod boasts a distinctive appearance and fascinating behaviors that set it apart from other octopus species. In this article, we’ll delve into the world of the Umbrella Octopus, exploring its physical characteristics, habitat, behaviors, and much more.

    Dumbo Octopus | Online Learning Center - Aquarium of the Pacific

    There are about 17 species of Dumbo octopus that belong to a group called “umbrella octopus,” because they are able to float with an umbrella-like look to their mantle. While these species can “flush” color as do more shallow species, their mouth structure is different.

    Opisthoteuthis mero - Wikipedia

    Opisthoteuthis mero, commonly known as Mero's umbrella octopus, [3] is a species of cirrate octopus from demersal habitats surrounding New Zealand. O. mero is the most documented New Zealand Opisthoteuthis species, with over 100 reference specimens. [ 4 ]