united states court of appeals for the first circuit

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      The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (in case citations, 1st Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

      District of Maine
      District of Massachusetts
      District of New Hampshire
      District of Puerto Rico
      District of Rhode Island
      The court is based at the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts. Most sittings are held in Boston, where the court usually sits for one week most months of the year; in one of July or August, it takes a summer break and does not sit. The First Circuit also sits for one week each March and November at the Jose V. Toledo Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, and occasionally sits at other locations within the circuit.
      With six active judges and four active senior judges, the First Circuit has the fewest judges of any of the thirteen United States courts of appeals. It covers most of New England, as well as Puerto Rico. Since retiring from the United States Supreme Court, Associate Justice David Souter has occasionally sat on the First Circuit by designation.


      Current composition of the court



      As of February 22, 2025:


      Vacancies and pending nominations




      List of former judges




      Chief judges



      Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the Supreme Court justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges.
      To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.
      When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.


      Succession of seats


      The court has six seats for active judges, numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume senior status enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the U.S. President to appoint new judges to fill their seats.


      Notable decisions


      West v. Randall (1820), one of the first decisions setting precedent for class action suits


      See also


      Courts of the United States
      Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts#First Circuit
      List of current United States circuit judges
      List of United States federal courthouses in the First Circuit


      References


      Specific

      General

      Dargo, George (1993). A History of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit: Volume I, 1891–1960.


      External links


      United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
      Recent opinions from Findlaw
      First Circuit Court Records Finder
      United States Courts for the First Circuit. "2002 Annual Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2004.

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    First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    Welcome to the official website for the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. The First Circuit includes the Districts of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico and Rhode Island.

    First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    Welcome to the official website for the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. The First Circuit includes the Districts of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico and Rhode Island.

    Opinions & Oral Arguments | First Circuit | United States Court of …

    The links to the left provide access to the Court's calendar and opinions, including instructions on how to access opinions via RSS (Real Simple Syndication). Court Calendar Opinion Search

    Clerk's Office | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    Paper filings may be submitted through the drop-box located on the first floor by the main entrance or at the Clerk's Office intake window on the second floor. Other office closings, such as for inclement weather, will be announced on this website and also on the main telephone line.

    Rules & Procedures | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    The links to the left provide access to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit Rulebook, as well as links to specific sections of the Rulebook. There is also a link to Notice of Proposed Rule Amendments.

    About the Court | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit hears appeals from the United States District Courts for the Districts of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico and Rhode Island.

    CM/ECF | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    The First Circuit Court of Appeals upgraded its CM/ECF document filing system to the Next Generation of CM/ECF ("NextGen") on August 21, 2017. Users who had a CM/ECF account in this court prior to that date, as well as new users, must register for a NextGen account.

    Opinions | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    District Court of Rhode Island, Providence [ PDF] [ Additional Case Information] [ Issued:01/21/2022 ]

    Members | First Circuit | United States Court of Appeals

    Honorable David J. Barron, Chief Judge, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Honorable Gustavo A. Gelpí, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Honorable Lara E. Montecalvo, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Honorable Julie Rikelman, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Honorable Seth R. Aframe, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Honorable Lance E. Walker, District …

    Obtaining Case Information | First Circuit | United States Court of …

    The links to the left provide information on the Court's electronic filing system as well as general filing instructions. CM/ECF (Electronic Filing) PACER (Viewing Dockets)