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      Upasana (Sanskrit: उपासना upāsanā) literally means "worship" and "sitting near, attend to". It refers to the worship of, or meditation on, formless things, such as Absolute Self, the Holy, the Atman (Soul) Principle, distinguishing meditative reverence for an internalized and intellectual concept from earlier forms of physical worship, actual sacrifices and offerings to Vedic deities.
      The term also refers to one of three khaṇḍa (खण्ड, parts) of Vedas, one that focuses on worship or meditation. The other two parts of Vedas are called Aranyakas and Upanishads, sometimes identified as karma-khaṇḍa (कर्म खण्ड, ritualistic sacrifice section) and jñāna-khaṇḍa (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge, spirituality section).


      Etymology


      The root of the Sanskrit word Upasana is up and asana (from as), which means "to sit close to someone, waiting on someone with reverence". Oldenberg explained Upasana from its root Upās-, in German as Verehren, or "to worship, adore, revere", with the clarification that in Vedic texts this adoration and reverence is at formless things, such as Absolute Self, the Holy, the Atman (Soul) Principle. These texts offer the concept of Upasana to distinguish meditative reverence for an internalized and intellectual concept from earlier forms of physical worship, actual sacrifices and offerings to Vedic deities. Schayer offered a different perspective, stating Upasana in Vedic context is closer to the German word Umwerben or Bedrängen, or courting and pressing on metaphysical Soul, the Absolute Self (the Brahman) with hopes and petitions. Schayer further states that Upasana was a psychological act as well as a procedure, which etymologically was further developed by Renou.


      Meditation and identification


      In one contemporary context, Upasana means methods of worship (Bhakti), usually of meditative kind. Werner translates it as "meditation", while Murty translates it as "steadfastness of mind in the thing meditated upon". Upasana is also sometimes referred to as Puja. However, a formal Puja is just one type of worship in Indian philosophy. Paul Deussen translates upasana as "meditation" and "worship", depending on the context.
      The concept of Upasana developed a large tradition in Vedanta era. Edward Crangle, in his review, states that Upasana in Vedic text initially developed as a form of "substitute sacrifice", where symbolic meditation of the Aranyakas practice, instead of actual sacrifice ritual, offered a means to gain the same merit without the sacrifice. Over time, this idea shifted from meditating about the ritual, to internalization and meditation of the ideas and concepts associated. This may have marked a key evolution in Vedic era, one from ritual sacrifices to one contemplating spiritual ideas.
      It flowered into the meaning of an intense kind of systematic meditation and identification. Adi Shankara described Upasana as a kind of dhyana -- meditation "about someone or something, consisting of continuous succession of comparable basic concepts, without interspersing it with dissimilar concepts, that proceeds according to the scriptures and on idea enjoined in the scriptures." It is a state of concentration where "whatever is meditated upon" is completely identified, absorbed with self, and unified with as one identifies self consciousness with one's body. The two become one, "you are that". The "someone or something" in Upasana can be a symbolic deity or an abstract concept, states Shankara. Upasana entails more than mere concentration or sitting in dhyana; it is being one with god, which manifests as "be a god", and by "being a god, he attains the god," living this identity with god in daily life.


      Classification of texts


      In other contexts, Upasana refers to a part of the Vedic era texts relating to worship or meditation. The first parts of Vedas, composed the earliest, relate to sacrificial rituals. The second parts are Upasana-kanda, and the last parts relate to abstract philosophy and spirituality which are popularly called the Upanishads.
      Vedic literature, including Upasana Karunakar, is neither homogeneous in content nor in structure. Multiple classifications have been proposed. For example, the early part of Vedas with mantras and prayers called Samhitas along with the commentary on rituals called the Brahmanas together are identified as the ceremonial karma-khaṇḍa, while rituals and metaphoric-rituals part called Aranyakas and knowledge/spirituality part Upanishads are referred to as the jñāna-khaṇḍa.
      In some cases, the Upasana chapters are embedded inside the Aranyakas. For example, in Rig Veda, the first five of its books are called Aitareya Aranyaka. The 2nd and 3rd books are theosophical, and the first three sections of the 2nd book are called Prana Upasana (literally meaning, "worship of the vital energy"). The last three sections of the 2nd book constitute the Aitareya Upanishad. The 3rd book of Rig Veda refers to Samhita Upasana (literally meaning, "unified form of worship"). Rig Veda has many books, and it includes many more Upasanas and Upanishads. Other Vedas follow a similar structure where they offer sections on rituals and action (Aranyakas), worship and deity oriented bhakti (Upasanas), as well as philosophical and abstract spirituality sections (Upanishads).


      References




      Further reading


      Klaus G Witz (1998), The Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction, ISBN 978-8120815735, Chapter 3

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: upasana

    upasana kamineniupasanaupasana singh thakuriupasana kandaupasana takuupasana priaupasana singhupasana varma ifcupasana singh thakuri heightupasana mehta shyama aan baso vrindavan mein
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    What is the meaning of upasana? - Hinduism Stack Exchange

    Sep 23, 2019 · Upasana has been defined variously by different Hindu Philosophers. According to Sadananda it is a mental activity related to saguna Brahman. Vidyaranya states that it consist of uninterrupted meditation by mind on an object of worship learnt from a teacher whose words the aspirant accepts with unquestioning faith.

    Which scripture tells about Saraswati upasana?

    Sep 29, 2019 · upasana Like any library, Hinduism Stack Exchange shares great information, but does not offer personalized advice , and does not take the place of seeking such advice from any Acharya, Pundit, astrologer, Guru or other trustworthy Counselor.

    Difference between srIvidyA upAsanA in Vedanta and in Tantra?

    Mar 14, 2019 · Recently I came to know from one of my friend that srIvidyA upAsanA is also done in Vedanta. While I am aware that srIvidyA is Tantrik upAsanA. I was unaware of Vedantic one. Also as far as I know, srIvidyA upAsanA is fruitful when done by both i.e. husband and wife. So how does Vedanta which promotes Sanyasism, do upAsanA of srIvidyA ?

    prayer - Ishta Devta vs Upasana Devta - Hinduism Stack Exchange

    Apr 9, 2024 · upasana ishta-devta Like any library, Hinduism Stack Exchange shares great information, but does not offer personalized advice , and does not take the place of seeking such advice from any Acharya, Pundit, astrologer, Guru or other trustworthy Counselor.

    How to do Gayatri sandhya Upasana? - Hinduism Stack Exchange

    Feb 7, 2024 · The book ‘om Gayatri and sadhana’ written by swami mukhyananda of Ramakrishna mission has discussed 24 practices to perform the Sandhya Upasana . These are - acamanam, vignesvara dhyanam, pranayama ,

    Was Tantric upasana (Vamachara) a relatively new concept (or) …

    Oct 17, 2015 · The VAAMACHARIs sacrifice animals to attain Tantric Powers, which are different from that of Yogic Powers. The Tantric Powers can attained within short time, but have certain deadly consequences

    upanishads - Benefits of "Suryaopassna" (सूर्योपासना) or Sun …

    Aug 10, 2016 · Praying to Sun god (Suryopasana) has many benefits described in Vedas. According to Rig Veda, Book 1, Hymn 50, Surya is the remover of heart disease and yellowness of body.

    Can Sri Vidya Upasana be performed with multiple …

    Sri Vidya is essentially about worshipping the Supreme Goddess or Sri Lalita Mahatripura Sundari. But, several other deities are also worshipped in the traditions as limbs of the main worship.

    gods - In how many forms do devi/devtha exist to allow upasana …

    Humans perform upasana for devi/devtha. Humans attain devi/devtha using mantra. Mantra is sound form of devi/devtha for humans. Humans can also attain devi/devtha using statue. Statue is a visual form of devi/devtha for humans. Are there any other forms of devi/devtha that can be attainable by human for performing upasana as per scriptures?

    devi - Who is Goddess Shyamala? - Hinduism Stack Exchange

    Mar 18, 2016 · Raja Shyamala Devi or Raja Matangi mata is a goddess in Sri Vidya Upasana. A higher expertise can be achieved by her upasana. She is also mentioned in the Lalita Sahasranama. She is also a source of education and knowledge like Saraswati Devi.