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    • Source: Volutidae

      • Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum.


      Distribution


      This family of sea snails are found mainly in tropical seas, though some species also inhabit the waters of the polar circles.


      Description


      The large head has the eyes sessile on the sides below the base of the tentacles. The tentacles are far apart,
      united by a broad veil over the head. The mantle is sometimes greatly developed, covering the sides of the shell. The siphon is recurved, short, with auricles on each side of the base. The foot is very large, partly hiding the shell. There is no operculum.
      The shell shows distinct plaits on the columella. The apex of the spire is mamillated. The shells have an elongated aperture in their first whorl and an inner lip characterised by a number of deep plaits.
      The family of Volutidae comprises a suite of large shells remarkable for their great beauty and elegance of form.
      The shell of species such as Melo amphora can grow as large as 50 cm (19.7 inches) in length.
      Volutes are distinguished by their distinctively marked spiral shells (to which the family name refers, voluta meaning "scroll" in Latin).
      The elaborate decorations of the shells has made them a popular collectors' item, with the imperial volute (Voluta imperialis) of the Philippines being particularly prized.


      Taxonomy




      = Subfamilies and tribes

      =
      According to Bail & Poppe (2001) Volutidae can be subdivided into the following Subfamilies and tribes:

      Amoriinae Gray, 1857
      Tribe Meloini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Tribe Amoriini Gray, 1857
      Athletinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Calliotectinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Cymbiinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
      Tribe Adelomelonini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Tribe Alcithoini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Tribe Cymbiini H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
      Tribe Livoniini Bail & Poppe, 2001
      Tribe Odontocymbiolini Clench & Turner, 1964
      Tribe Zidonini H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
      Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Plicolivinae Bpichet, 1990
      Scaphellinae Gray, 1857
      Volutinae
      Tribe Lyriini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Tribe Volutini Rafinesque, 1815


      = Genera

      =
      Genera within the Volutidae include:

      Adelomelon Dall, 1906
      Alcithoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
      Amoria Gray, 1855
      Ampulla Röding, 1798
      Arctomelon Dall, 1915
      Athleta Conrad, 1853
      Callipara Gray, 1847
      Calliotectum Dall, 1890
      Capensisvoluta S. G. Veldsman & J. H. Veldsman, 2022
      Cymbiola Swainson, 1831
      Cymbiolacca
      Cymbium Röding, 1798
      Cymbium cymbium
      Cymbium glans
      Cymbium marmoratum
      Cymbium olla (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Cymbium pepo
      Enaeta H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853
      Ericusa H. Adams and A. Adams, 1858
      Festilyria Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
      Fulgoraria Schumacher, 1817
      Fusivoluta E. von Martens, 1902

      Harpovoluta Thiele, 1912
      Harpulina Dall, 1906
      Iredalina Finlay, 1926
      Leptoscapha Fischer, 1883
      Livonia Gray, 1855
      Lyria Gray, 1847
      † Mauira Marwick, 1943
      † Mauithoe Finlay, 1930
      Melo Broderip in Sowerby I, 1826

      † Metamelon Marwick, 1926
      Minicymbiola Klappenbach, 1979
      Miomelon Dall, 1907
      † Mitreola Swainson, 1833
      Nannamoria Iredale, 1929
      Nanomelon Leal & Bouchet, 1989
      Neptuneopsis Sowerby III, 1898
      Notopeplum Finlay, 1927
      Notavoluta Cotton, 1946
      Odontocymbiola Clench & Turner, 1964
      Pachycymbiola Ihering, 1907
      † Pachymelon Marwick, 1926
      Paramoria McMichael, 1960
      Plicoliva Petuch, 1979
      Provocator Watson, 1882
      Scaphella Swainson, 1832
      Spinomelon Marwick, 1926
      Tenebrincola Harasewych & Kantor, 1991
      Teramachia
      Tractolira Dall, 1890
      Voluta Linnaeus, 1758
      Volutifusus Conrad, 1863
      Volutoconus Crosse, 1871
      Waihaoia Marwick, 1926
      Zygomelon Harasewych & Marshall, 1995
      Zidona H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853


      References



      ITIS
      "Volute." Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006.
      Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
      Merle & Pacaud & Marivaux, 2014 Merle & Pacaud & Marivaux, Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography; Zootaxa, 3826 (1) : 101–138, fig. 1-12. , 2014


      External links



      Biodiversity Library: Maxwell Smith, A review of the Volutidae, Beal-Maltbie Shell Museum, Florida, 1942
      Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

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